Table 1.
Frequency of tumors in the different segments of Drosophila melanogaster. The flies used in this study are heterozygous for the warts tumor suppressor gene and were treated with different concentrations of isolated Ethanolic Extract from Neem Leaves (EENL) and EENL associated with doxorubicin (DXR).
| Treatments | Indiv. (N) | Tumors | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eyes | Head | Wings | Body | Legs | Halteres | Total Tumors | ||
| Negative Control | 203 | 0.00 (00) | 0.00 (01) | 0.00 (00) | 0.00 (01) | 0.01 (02) | 0.00 (01) | 0.02 (05) |
| Positive Control | 176 | 0.01 (02) | 0.04 (07) | 0.20 (36) | 0.15 (26) | 0.05 (09) | 0.01 (01) | 0.46 (81) + |
| EENL 0.03125% | 200 | 0.00 (00) | 0.01 (02) | 0.10 (20) | 0.04 (08) | 0.03 (06) | 0.03 (05) | 0.21 (41) + |
| EENL 0.0625% | 200 | 0.02 (03) | 0.01 (02) | 0.07 (13) | 0.03 (06) | 0.04 (07) | 0.01 (01) | 0.16 (32) + |
| EENL 0.125% | 218 | 0.00 (00) | 0.01 (02) | 0.04 (08) | 0.13 (29) | 0.01 (03) | 0.01 (05) | 0.20 (44) + |
| EENL 0.03125% + DXR | 200 | 0.01 (01) | 0.26 (52) | 2.08 (416) | 0.98 (196) | 1.92 (384) | 0.19 (37) | 5.43 (1086) ** |
| EENL 0.0624% + DXR | 200 | 0.09 (18) | 0.59 (117) | 3.65 (730) | 1.82 (363) | 3.65 (729) | 0.45 (90) | 10.24 (2047) ** |
| EENL 0.125% + DXR | 165 | 0.03 (05) | 0.06 (10) | 0.24 (39) | 0.28 (46) | 0.06 (10) | 0.02 (04) | 0.69 (114) ** |
Statistical diagnosis according to the Mann–Whitney U-Test. Level of significance P ≤ 0.05. + value considered statistically different from the negative control (P ≤ 0.05). ** value considered statistically different from the positive control (DXR 0.4 mM) (P ≤ 0.05). DXR = doxorubicin (0.4 mM). EENL = Ethanolic Extract from Neem Leaf.