Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population by sex.
| Variable | Total n = 727 |
Men n = 260 |
Women n = 467 |
p * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 39.31 ± 10.57 | 38.23 ± 10.71 | 39.93 ± 10.45 | 0.04 |
| Present smokers, % | 24.9 | 37.3 | 18.0 | <0.001 |
| College educated, % | 45.8 | 38.5 | 49.9 | 0.003 |
| HT, % | 20.8 | 28.8 | 16.3 | <.001 |
| DM, % | 12.4 | 10.8 | 13.3 | 0.32 |
| Weight, kg | 70.9 ± 14.6 | 79.6 ± 14.4 | 66.1 ± 12.3 | <0.001 |
| Height, m | 1.6 ± 0.09 | 1.69 ± 0.07 | 1.55 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.5 ± 4.68 | 27.8 ± 4.35 | 27.4 ± 4.8 | 0.40 |
| Overweight, % | 41.1 | 44.2 | 39.4 | 0.27 |
| Obese, % | 27.3 | 28.1 | 27.0 | 0.73 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 120.30 ± 15.12 | 127.30 ± 74.16 | 116.41 ± 13.80 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 75.86 ± 9.72 | 78.93 ± 10.19 | 74.16 ± 9.03 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI) mL/min/1.73 m2 | 107.0 ± 14.70 | 104.77 ± 14.37 | 108.25 ± 14.75 | 0.02 |
| Energy intake, kcal/day | 1709.42 ± 244.85 | 1976.44 ± 173.74 | 1560.75 ± 121.2 | 0.004 |
* Comparison between sexes. Values are mean ± SD or percentages. BMI, body mass index; BP, Blood pressure; DM, Diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; HT, hypertension; SD, standard deviation. Definitions of HT and DM are described in Methods.