FIGURE 3.

Effect of sucrose, malic acid, and pH changes on the relative expression of laeA and patulin accumulation. Solid SM media at initial pH 5.0 was amended different concentrations of sucrose and malic acid and the pH of the SM media also brought to different pH values. The solid SM media was inoculated with 100 μl of a 10⁶ spore/ml suspension and laeA relative expression (A,C,E) and patulin accumulation (B,D,F) and were analyzed were evaluated 3 days post-inoculation. Five 10-mm diameter disks were sampled from five independent culture plates. Average value (±SE) of five replicate are reported. Experiments were repeated three times and results of a single representative experiments are shown. For statistical analysis, the unpaired student t-test was used with significance defined as a P value (^∗P ≤ 0.05; ^∗∗P ≤ 0.01; ^∗∗∗P ≤ 0.001).