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. 2018 Jul 16;19(7):2070. doi: 10.3390/ijms19072070

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of fracture sera from day 0 after fracture on osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs. (a) Relative ALPL, (b) ISBP, (c) BGLAP, (d) RUNX2 and (e) COL1 gene expression in human MSCs on day 10 of differentiation analyzed by qPCR. Half of the human MSCs were incubated with an inhibitory Midkine antibody (+Mdk-Ab). Values were normalized to GAPDH and the sera of age- and sex-matched healthy controls (dotted line). (f) Alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP) of cultured human MSCs on day 10 after treatment with osteogenic medium and sera of male and female fracture patients. Half of cells were incubated with an inhibitory Mdk-Ab. *, p ≤ 0.05, **, p ≤ 0.01, ****, p ≤ 0.0001, ANOVA with Post hoc Fisher’s LSD, n = 8–10 per group, ctl = control, Fx = fracture, ALPL = alkaline phosphatase, ISPB = integrin binding sialoprotein, BGLAP = bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein, RUNX2 = runt-related transcription factor 2, COL1 = collagen-1.

Effects of fracture sera from day 0 after fracture on osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs. (a) Relative ALPL, (b) ISBP, (c) BGLAP, (d) RUNX2 and (e) COL1 gene expression in human MSCs on day 10 of differentiation analyzed by qPCR. Half of the human MSCs were incubated with an inhibitory Midkine antibody (+Mdk-Ab). Values were normalized to GAPDH and the sera of age- and sex-matched healthy controls (dotted line). (f) Alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP) of cultured human MSCs on day 10 after treatment with osteogenic medium and sera of male and female fracture patients. Half of cells were incubated with an inhibitory Mdk-Ab. *, p ≤ 0.05, **, p ≤ 0.01, ****, p ≤ 0.0001, ANOVA with Post hoc Fisher’s LSD, n = 8–10 per group, ctl = control, Fx = fracture, ALPL = alkaline phosphatase, ISPB = integrin binding sialoprotein, BGLAP = bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein, RUNX2 = runt-related transcription factor 2, COL1 = collagen-1.