Table 1.
The effects of TTFD on lactate metabolite profiles during acute exercise challenge.
| Time Point | Vehicle | TTFD-1X | TTFD-2X | TTFD-5X |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactate (mmol/L) | ||||
| Before swimming (A) | 2.4 ± 0.2 a | 2.4 ± 0.3 a | 2.3 ± 0.2 a | 2.4 ± 0.1 a |
| After swimming (B) | 6.1 ± 0.3 b | 4.9 ± 0.4 a | 4.5 ± 0.3 a | 4.2 ± 0.2 a |
| After a 20 min rest(C) | 4.1 ± 0.3 b | 3.6 ± 0.2 ab | 3.2 ± 0.2 a | 3.0 ± 0.1 a |
| Rate of lactate production and clearance | ||||
| Production rate = B/A | 2.96 ± 0.2 b | 2.49 ± 0.5 ab | 2.06 ± 0.3 a | 1.82 ± 0.1 a |
| Clearance rate = (B-C)/B | 0.31 ± 0.1 | 0.26 ± 0.1 | 0.26 ± 0.1 | 0.26 ± 0.01 |
The lactate metabolites were assessed for the four groups allocated as vehicle, TTFD-1X, TTFD-2X, and TTFD-5X at three repeated time points within group. Lactate production rate was calculated as, after exercise divided by before exercise (B/A) and the lactate difference between after exercise and after rest divided by after rest was defined as the clearance rate. Values in the same row with different superscript letters (a, b) differ significantly, P < 0.05, by one-way ANOVA.