Table 9.

Comparison of meal energy based on plate size between genders (n = 133).

Food Type	Meal Energy Mean ± SD (kcal)		t	p-Value
	23-cm Plate	28-cm Plate
Carbohydrate food (white rice, boiled)
All subjects (n = 133)	173 ± 59	224 ± 71	−9.464	<0.001 *
Male (n = 54)	181 ± 59	231 ± 82	−5.518	<0.001 *
Female (n = 79)	167 ± 59	219 ± 68	−7.738	<0.001 *
Protein food (fried chicken)
All subjects (n = 133)	205 ± 81	282 ± 89	−10.442	<0.001 *
Male (n = 54)	210 ± 82	295 ± 95	−6.792	<0.001 *
Female (n = 79)	202 ± 81	273 ± 84	−7.934	<0.001 *
Vegetable food (stir-fried water spinach)
All subjects (n = 133)	41 ± 17	55 ± 15	−10.706	<0.001 *
Male (n = 54)	38 ± 15	53 ± 17	−7.266	<0.001 *
Female (n = 79)	42 ± 18	56 ± 13	−7.854	<0.001 *
Total meal energy
All subjects (n = 133)	419 ± 124	561 ± 143	−12.069	<0.001 *
Male (n = 54)	429 ± 127	579 ± 163	−7.240	<0.001 *
Female (n = 79)	411 ± 122	548 ± 127	−9.876	<0.001 *

* Variables differed significantly among groups as assessed by paired-samples t-test, p < 0.001.