Table 2.

Studies of omega-3 supplementation in CKD.

Study	Intervention	Results
Ferraro 2009	−Patients with IgA nephropathy were given 3 g of omega-3/day or renin-angiotensin system blockers alone	−Decreased proteinuria by 72.9% in the omega-3 group versus 11.3%; −No changes in GFR decline
Miller 2009	−Meta-analysis of 17 RCTs −Omega-3 supplementation (0.7–5.1 g/day)	−Decreased proteinuria was greater in the intervention groups −No differences in GFR decline
Hoogeven 2014	−CKD patients −400 mg/day of EPA and DHA given together with margarine (equivalent of 2 portions of fatty fish/week) for 40 months	−The intervention was able to slow GFR decline
Bouzidi 2010	−CKD patients −Intervention group: 2.1 g/day of omega-3	−No differences in GFR between groups
Donadio 2001	−IgA nephropathy patients −1.88 g/day of EPA + 1.47 g/day of DHA versus 3.76g of EPA and 2.94 g of DHA	−Both doses were equally effective in slowing increases in sCr levels, with more pronounced results in patients with moderate versus more advanced CKD
Alexopoulos 2004	−IgA Nephropathy patients −0.85 g/day of EPA + 0.56 g/day of DHA versus standard treatment	−An increase in sCr of more than 50% was found in only 7% of patients in the intervention group versus 43% of patients in the control group

CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; sCr: serum creatinine; RCTs: randomized clinical trials.