SCF |
Anti-oxidant |
GSH antioxidant response |
[20,21] |
Modulate BDNF related pathways |
BDNF, TrkB/CREB/ERK and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathways |
[22,23] |
Regulate neurotransmitters |
NE activity |
[24] |
|
Neurotransmitters activities |
[25] |
TLS |
Anti-oxidant |
Mitochondrial function |
[26] |
|
GSH antioxidant response |
[27] |
Anti-apoptosis |
Bcl-2 expression |
[26] |
|
Bcl-2 and Bax expression |
[28] |
Anti-inflammatory |
NO activity |
[29] |
|
MAPKs signaling |
[26] |
Sch A |
Anti-oxidant |
GSH antioxidant response |
[30] |
Anti-apoptosis |
ERK, JNK, Caspase-3 signaling |
[31] |
Anti-inflammatory |
TRAF6/IKKβ/NF-κB and Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathways |
[32] |
Sch B |
Anti-oxidant |
ACh activity |
[33] |
|
GSH antioxidant response |
[34] |
|
GLT-1 and GSK3β activities |
[35] |
|
ROS, NADPH oxidase activity |
[36] |
Anti-apoptosis |
Caspase-3, HSP70, beclin-1 expression |
[37] |
Anti-inflammatory |
RAGE, NF-κB, MAPKs signaling |
[37] |
|
PPAR-γ activity |
[38] |
|
MyD88/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway |
[36] |
|
TNF-α, IL-1β activities |
[39] |
Sch C |
Anti-apoptosis |
JNK/Caspase-3 signaling |
[40] |
Anti-inflammatory |
cAMP/PKA/CREB and Nrf-2 signaling |
[41] |
STA |
Anti-oxidant |
MAPKs, PI3K/Akt and GSK3β signaling |
[42] |
|
GSH antioxidant response |
[43] |
Anti-apoptosis |
Bcl-2 expression and PI3K/Akt signaling |
[44] |
|
JNK/Caspase-3 signaling |
[40] |
SCH |
Anti-oxidant |
GSH antioxidant response |
[45] |
Regulate neurotransmitters |
Neurotransmitters and their metabolites effects |
[46] |
Schizandrol B |
Anti-apoptosis |
JNK/Caspase-3 signaling |
[40] |
ICO |
Anti-oxidant |
ROS and calcium accumulation |
[47] |
Anti-apoptosis |
CREB/Nrf-2 signaling |
[47] |
|
Bcl-2 and Bax expression |
[48] |
Anti-inflammatory |
NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways |
[49] |
Gomisin A |
Anti-oxidant |
ROS, NADPH oxidase activity |
[50] |
Anti-apoptosis |
CYP3A activity |
[51] |
Anti-inflammatory |
TLR4 mediated NF-κB and MAPKs pathways |
[50] |
Gomisin N |
Anti-inflammatory |
Inflammatory responses and neural activation |
[52] |
Nigranoic acid |
Modulate BDNF related pathways |
ERK1/2, Ca2+-CaMKII pathways, BDNF activity |
[53] |