SCF |
CTX induced brain injury in rats |
In vivo |
Increases GSH content |
0.10–1.00 g/kg |
0.50 g/kg |
[20] |
|
|
Decreases MDA levels |
|
|
|
intra-hippocampal Aβ1-42 induced AD in rats |
In vivo |
Increases SOD and GSH-Px activity |
200 mg/kg |
200 mg/kg |
[21] |
TLS |
Aβ1-42 induced AD in primary mouse neuronal cells |
In vitro |
Blocking the decrease of MMP |
10, 30, 100 μM |
10 μM |
[26] |
Aβ1-42 induced AD in mice |
In vivo |
Restroes T-AOC and MDA level |
50, 200 mg/kg |
50 mg/kg |
|
|
|
Ameliorates the neurodegeneration in the hippocampus |
|
|
|
D-galactose (D-gal)-induced neurotoxicity in rats |
In vivo |
Attenuates SOD, CAT, T-AOC decreasing |
― |
― |
[27] |
|
|
Maintains GSH, MDA, NO levels |
|
|
|
Sch A |
Aβ1-42 induced AD in mice |
In vivo |
Increases SOD, GSH-Px, GSH levels |
4, 12, 36 mg/kg |
12 mg/kg |
[30] |
|
|
Decreases MDA, GSSG levels |
|
|
|
Sch B |
SP induced dementia in mice |
In vivo |
Suppresses AChE (acetylcholinesterase) activity |
10, 25, 50 mg/kg |
25 mg/kg |
[33] |
|
|
Maintaines ACh level |
|
|
|
Occlusion (using aneurysm clips) induced cerebral I/R injury |
In vivo |
Increases GSH, α-TOC, Mn-SOD |
1, 10, 30 mg/kg |
1 mg/kg |
[34] |
|
|
Decreases MDA, Ca2+, MPT |
|
|
|
Aβ1-42 induced AD in mice |
In vivo |
Restroes GLT-1 and GSK3β activities |
0.15 mg/kg |
|
[35] |
|
|
Decreases hyperphosphorylated tau protein |
|
|
|
Microglial-mediated inflammatory injury |
In vitro |
Inhibites ROS, NADPH oxidase activity |
5, 10, 20 μM |
5 μM |
[36] |
STA |
6-OHDA-induced neural damage in SH-SY5Y cells |
In vitro |
Decreases cytotoxicity |
3, 6, 12, 25, 50, 100 μM |
14.8 μM (EC50) |
[42] |
|
|
Down-regulates ROS level |
|
|
|
|
|
Inhibites NO, iNOS levels |
|
|
|
|
|
Opposes ERK phosphorylation decreases |
|
|
|
|
|
Up-ragulates p-Akt/t-Akt ratio |
|
|
|
|
|
Preventes GSK3β dephosphorylation |
|
|
|
6-OHDA-induced neural damage in zebrafish |
In vivo |
Prevents dopaminergic neuron loss |
2.5, 5, 10 μM |
10 μM |
|
Aβ1-42 induced AD in mice |
In vivo |
Restroes SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, GSH activites |
0.01–0.1 mg/kg |
0.1 mg/kg |
[43] |
SCH |
Aβ1-42 induced AD in mice |
In vivo |
Increases SOD, GSH-Px, GSH levels |
4, 12, 36 mg/kg |
36 mg/kg |
[45] |
|
|
Decreases MDA, GSSG levels |
|
|
|
ICO |
6-OHDA-induced neural damage in SH-SY5Y cells |
In vitro |
Inhibites ROS |
20, 40, 80 µM |
40 µM |
[47] |
|
|
Inhibites calcuim accumulation |
|
|
|
|
|
Increases NQO1, HO-1 levels |
|
|
|
Gomisin A |
LPS-stimulated N9 microglia |
In vitro |
Inhibites ROS, NADPH, gp91phox expression |
1–100 µM |
3 µM |
[50] |