Table 2.
Baseline participant characteristics 1.
| Variable | All | HP | NP |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 22 | 12 | 10 |
| Age, years | 70 ± 5 | 70 ± 6 | 71 ± 3 |
| Male:Female | 12:10 | 7:5 | 5:5 |
| Body mass, kg | 92.1 ± 15.4 | 90.1 ± 16.4 | 91.0 ± 16.1 |
| Height, cm | 171 ± 11 | 167 ± 12 | 172 ± 9 |
| BMI, kg/m 2 | 31.3 ± 3.2 | 32.2 ± 3.4 | 30.5 ± 3.3 |
| Waist, cm | 110 ± 9 | 110 ± 11 | 110 ± 9 |
| Hip, cm | 115 ± 9 | 114 ± 11 | 115 ± 9 |
| Lean mass, kg | 51.3 ± 10.9 | 49.0 ± 11.6 | 50.7 ± 10.3 |
| Fat mass, kg | 37.2 ± 8.4 | 37.6 ± 9.2 | 36.9 ± 8.9 |
| Percentage body fat | 42.1 ± 7.3 | 43.5 ± 8.3 | 42.0 ± 6.7 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 99.2 ± 9.7 | 98.1 ± 11.1 | 98.3 ± 10.0 |
| Fasting insulin, µU/mL | 13.1 ± 7.5 | 11.4 ± 7.1 | 13.1 ± 7.2 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.3 ± 2.1 | 2.8 ± 2.1 | 3.3 ± 2.0 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 190.4 ± 37.0 | 201.4 ± 33.5 | 185.5 ± 26.7 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 115.7 ± 32.4 | 123.5 ± 38.0 | 111.5 ± 18.2 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 48.7 ± 14.6 | 54.0 ± 11.2 | 47.6 ± 18.1 |
| Total Cholesterol:HDL | 4.2 ± 1.2 | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 1.5 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 130.1 ± 58.6 | 119.9 ± 64.0 | 131.6 ± 64.7 |
| Manual SBP 3, mm Hg | 132 ± 14 | 129 ± 12 | 134 ± 15 |
| Manual DBP 3, mm Hg | 84 ± 7 | 81 ± 7 | 86 ± 8 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 16.5 ± 3.3 | 17.0 ± 4.6 | 16.2 ± 2.6 |
| Total Energy, kcal/day | 2011 ± 537 | 2061 ± 597 | 1957 ± 597 |
| Total Fat, g/day | 79 ± 31 | 82 ± 35 | 75 ± 35 |
| Total Fat, % | 34 ± 7 | 34 ± 6 | 33 ± 6 |
| Total Carbohydrates, g/day | 245 ± 69 | 249 ± 71 | 241 ± 71 |
| Total Carbohydrates, % | 48 ± 8 | 48 ± 6 | 48 ± 6 |
| Total Protein, g/day | 82 ± 24 | 84 ± 15 | 79 ± 15 |
| Total Protein, % | 17 ± 5 | 16 ± 4 | 17 ± 4 |
| Animal Protein, g/day | 54 ± 25 | 55 ± 12 | 53 ± 12 |
| Vegetable Protein, g/day | 28 ± 8 | 29 ± 6 | 27 ± 6 |
1 Mean ± SD; 2 BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; HDL, High-density lipoprotein; HP, High protein; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein; NP, Normal protein; SBP, Systolic blood pressure. 3 Medication usage: hypothyroidism (HP = 1, NP = 2), high blood pressure (HP = 6, NP = 3), and/or high cholesterol (HP = 4, NP = 2).