MM	multiple myeloma
BM	bone marrow
PFS	progression free survival
OS	overall survival
HSC	hematopoietic stem cell
BMSCs	bone marrow stromal cells
EPCs	endothelial precursor cells
VEGF/R	vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor
FGF-2/R	fibroblast growth factor-2/ receptor
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
HGF	hepatocyte growth factor
IL-6 and IL-8	interleukin-6 and -8
OPN	osteopontin
Ang-1	angiopoietin-1
Tie-2/Tek	angiopoietin-1 receptor
SDF1-α or CXCL12	stromal cell-derived factor 1α
MMPCs	multiple myeloma plasma cells
MMECs	multiple myeloma ECs
HGF	hepatocyte growth factor
c-Met	hepatocyte growth factor receptor
Ang 1	angiopoietin-1
Ang-2	angiopoietin-2
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor-1
OPN	osteopontin
MMP-2/9	matrix metalloproteinases-2/9
PDGF-BB	platelet-derived growth factor-BB
ADM	adrenomedullin
TGF-1	transforming growth factor-1
CXCL11/I-TAC	CXCL11-interferon-inducible T-cell chemoattractant
MSCs	mesenchymal stem cells
BNIP3	BCL2 Interacting Protein 3
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
IER3	immediate early response 3
FAS	fas cell surface death receptor
rHuEpo	recombinant human erythropoietin
IMiDs	immounomodulatory drugs
RRMM	refractory multiple myeloma
ORR	higher overall response rate
TTP	longer time to progression
PFS	progression-free survival
FVIIIRA	factor VIII-related antigen
ERK	Extracellular signal–regulated kinases
NFKB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
PDGF	platelet derived growth factor
PDGFRβ	BB/PDGF receptor beta
AMD3100	CXCR4 Antagonist
SU11274	cMET inhibitor
DC101	anti-murine VEGFR-2 antibody
DARPin	multi-domain designed ankyrin repeat protein
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
mTORC	mTOR complex
CAM	chorioallantoic membrane