| CNF1 | cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 |
| MERRF | myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers |
| MDs | mitochondrial diseases |
| RBF | ragged-blue fibers |
| mtDNA | mitochondrial DNA |
| Drp1 | dynamin-related protein 1 |
| SDH | succinate dehydrogenase |
| COX | cytochrome c oxidase |
| Tom20 | translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane |
| F-actin | filamentous actin |