AP	Atherosclerotic plaque
CVDs	Cardiovascular diseases
VC	Vascular calcification
EVs	Extracellular vesicles
MVs	Microvesicles
miRNAs	MicroRNAs
ECs	Endothelial cells
HT	Hypertension
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
HBP	High blood pressure
RNS	Reactive nitrogen species
VCAM-1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
MMPs	Metalloproteinases
NO	Nitric oxide
nLDL	Native low-density lipoproteins
oxLDL	Oxidized low-density lipoproteins
CKDs	Chronic kidney diseases
SASP	Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SIPS	Stress-induced premature senescence
OIS	Oncogene-induced senescence
pRb	Retinoblastoma protein
SCAPs	Senescent cell anti-apoptotic pathways
SAMD	Senescence-associated mitochondrial dysfunction
SA-β-gal	Senescence-associated-β-galactosidase
BrU	5-bromodeoxyuridine
3H-dT	3H-Thymidine
PCNA	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
SAHFs	Senescence-associated heterochromatin foci
DAPI	4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
SDF	Senescence-associated DNA damage foci
γ-H2AX	phosphorylated histone H2AX
53BP1	p53-binding protein-1
X-gal substrate	5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-d-galactoside
C12FDG	5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-d-galactopyranoside
Hsp70	Heat shock protein 70
MFRTA	Mitochondrial free radical theory of aging
CHD	Coronary heart disease
NEFA	Non-esterified free fatty acid
AGEs	Advanced glycosylation end products
HT	Hypertension
EUTOX	European Uremic Toxin Work Group
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-κB
BMP2	Bone morphogenetic protein 2
CEVs	Calcifying extracellular vesicles
vWF	von Willebrand factor
CD40L	Cluster of differentiation 40 ligand
Gla	γ-carboxyglutamic acid
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
SOD2	Superoxide dismutase-2
TSG101	Tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein
S100A9	S100 calcium-binding protein A9
EMVs	Endothelial microvesicles
MMVs	Macrophages microvesicles
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase