Table 2.

CV_τ and covariance (Cov) relative to landmark (1) in temporal trajectories in D. melanogaster, D. simulans and D. virilis. For experiments without temperature shift, the p-value is calculated from comparing the mean CV_τ and Cov for landmarks 2–5 (i.e. excluding hatching), relative to 21°C. For temperature shift experiments, the mean CV_τ and Cov are calculated for landmarks 4–5 (after temperature shift) and compared with the mean CV_τ before the shift (landmarks 1 and 2) and Cov of embryos maintained at a constant temperature (at temperature after shift), respectively.

		landmark
		1		2		3		4		5		6
species	temperature °C (n in brackets)	CVτ %	Cov	CVτ %	Cov	CVτ %	Cov	CVτ %	Cov	CVτ %	Cov	CVτ %	Cov	p CVτ	p Cov
D. melanogaster	16 (n = 88)	3.7	n.a.	3.0	0.48	3.2	0.29	2.5	0.39	1.8	0.42	3.3	0.34	0.67	0.046
	21 (n = 80)	3.7	n.a.	2.6	0.35	2.8	0.28	2.2	0.20	2.0	0.16	2.8	0.13	n.a.	n.a.
	25 (n = 98)	5.0	n.a.	5.6	0.76	5.8	0.69	6.1	0.69	5.6	0.72	7.1	0.72	<10−4	<10−4
	16–21 (n = 78)	4.1	n.a.	2.6	0.48	1.7	0.26	2.0	0.30	1.7	0.28	2.7	0.30	0.07	0.56
	21–16 (n = 77)	3.6	n.a.	2.6	0.67	6.6	0.36	4.2	0.22	2.4	0.32	2.6	0.30	0.49	0.17
	21–26 (n = 79)	2.2	n.a.	2.2	0.13	2.5	0.36	2.8	0.24	2.9	0.26	3.5	0.23	0.05	<10−4
	26–21 (n = 70)	4.6	n.a.	5.5	0.79	6.9	0.73	5.1	0.71	4.3	0.78	4.5	0.80	0.75	2 × 10−4
D. simulans	16 (n = 80)	5.2	n.a.	3.7	0.54	3.6	0.32	3.0	0.31	2.9	0.55	9.4	0.47	0.08	0.89
	21 (n = 54)	4.2	n.a.	3.7	0.55	4.2	0.24	4.1	0.49	4.0	0.49	6.0	0.46	n.a.	n.a.
	25 (n = 80)	6.3	n.a.	5.3	0.27	6.8	0.27	5.9	0.67	5.7	0.25	7.3	0.23	0.04	0.065
D. virilis	16 (n = 41)	3.3	n.a.	2.6	0.59	2.7	0.51	3.3a	0.42	1.3	0.26	1.3	0.40	0.97	0.15
	21 (n = 36)	3.4	n.a.	2.4	0.39	2.5	−0.05	7.0a	0.50	1.4	0.17	2.8	0.10	n.a.	n.a.
	25 (n = 43)	5.5	n.a.	3.6	0.22	3.2	−0.02	10a	0.43	2.8	0.29	4.0	0.34	0.11	0.60

^aLarge CV_τ due to experimental error in identifying muscle twitching in D. virilis, not biological variation.