Table 3.
Cardio-metabolic parameters of study participants by tertiles of dietary patterns.
| Characteristics | Western Dietary Pattern | Prudent Dietary Pattern | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (N = 639) | T2 (N = 651) | T3 (N = 644) | p-Value a | T1 (N = 646) | T2 (N = 633) | T3 (N = 655) | p-Value a | |
| Weight, kg b | 72.4 (19.8) | 78.2 (24.0) | 77.5 (23.7) | 0.002 | 77.2 (22.5) | 76.6 (24.7) | 74.1 (22.1) | 0.006 |
| BMI, kg/m2 b | 24.5 (5.2) | 25.2 (6.2) | 24.8 (5.9) | 0.128 | 25.1 (6.0) | 25.2 (5.7) | 24.3 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| BMI categories (%) | ||||||||
| Underweight | 3.9% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 0.425 | 2.5% | 1.6% | 4.5% | 0.005 |
| Normal weight | 49.7% | 45.8% | 48.9% | 45.9% | 45.9% | 52.5% | ||
| Overweight | 32.8% | 34.7% | 34.0% | 34.6% | 35.6% | 31.4% | ||
| Obese | 13.6% | 17.0% | 14.9% | 17.1% | 16.9% | 11.6% | ||
| Waist circumference b | 85.0 (18.0) | 87.5 (21.0) | 88.0 (21.0) | 0.001 | 88.0 (19.8) | 87.0 (20.0) | 85.0 (18.0) | 0.001 |
| Hip circumference b | 102.0 (11.0) | 102.0 (10.8) | 101.0 (10.0) | 0.236 | 102.0 (10.0) | 103.0 (11.0) | 101.0 (9.0) | 0.001 |
| WHR b | 0.83 (0.13) | 0.85 (0.14) | 0.87 (0.14) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.14) | 0.85 (0.13) | 0.84 (0.15) | 0.075 |
| Abdominal Obesity (%) | 52.8% | 54.6% | 50.3% | 0.401 | 56.3% | 55.9% | 45.8% | 0.001 |
| Body Fat Mass b | 18.4 (12.4) | 18.6 (13.0) | 17.5 (11.4) | 0.121 | 19.3 (12.7) | 18.7 (12.2) | 16.9 (10.8) | <0.001 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg b | 116.5 (19.5) | 117.5 (18.0) | 116.5 (19.5) | 0.341 | 117.5 (19.5) | 117.5 (20.3) | 115.5 (18.5) | 0.022 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, mmHg b | 78.3 (12.5) | 80.0 (13.0) | 79.0 (14.0) | 0.087 | 79.5 (13.5) | 80.0 (13.3) | 78.0 (12.0) | 0.021 |
| Glycated Haemoglobin, nmol/mol b | 40.0 (5.0) | 39.0 (5.0) | 39.0 (5.0) | 0.002 | 39.0 (6.0) | 39.0 (5.0) | 39.0 (6.0) | 0.279 |
| Fasting Glucose, nmol/L b | 4.8 (0.6) | 4.9 (0.7) | 4.8 (0.6) | 0.187 | 4.8 (0.7) | 4.9 (0.7) | 4.8 (0.7) | 0.157 |
| Creatinine, nmol/L b | 73.0 (17.3) | 75.0 (18.8) | 78.0 (18.0) | <0.001 | 75.0 (19.0) | 76.0 (17.5) | 74.0 (18.0) | 0.281 |
| Triglycerides, nmol/L b | 0.9 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.8) | 0.001 | 1.0 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.9) | 0.278 |
| Total Cholesterol, nmol/L b | 5.1 (1.4) | 5.2 (1.4) | 5.1 (1.3) | 0.061 | 5.1 (1.3) | 5.2 (1.3) | 5.1 (1.3) | 0.687 |
| HDL Cholesterol, nmol/L b | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.5) | <0.001 | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.5) | 0.206 |
| LDL Cholesterol, nmol/L b | 3.1 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.2) | 0.388 | 3.0 (1.2) | 3.1 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.3) | 0.761 |
| Total Cholesterol/HDL-ratio b | 3.2 (1.3) | 3.3 (1.4) | 3.4 (1.6) | 0.001 | 3.3 (1.4) | 3.3 (1.4) | 3.3 (1.4) | 0.578 |
Abbreviations: T tertile; IQR Interquartile range. BMI body mass index; WHR waist-to-hip ratio. a Statistically significant p-values (p < 0.05) are indicated in bold font. b Data reported as median (IQR).