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. 2018 Jul 12;19(7):2027. doi: 10.3390/ijms19072027

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of ASP and ASPA on TNF-α and IL-6. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with ASPA and ASP (40, 80, and 160 μg/mL) for 1 h and then induced with LPS (50 ng/mL) for 24 h. The TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were analyzed by real-time PCR. (A) The TNF-α levels in ASP treatment groups. (B) The IL-6 levels in ASP treatment groups. (C) The TNF-α mRNA levels in ASPA treatment groups. (D) The IL-6 levels in ASPA treatment groups. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 versus LPS-only treatment group; ^### p < 0.001 versus control group (n = 3).