. 2018 Jul 6;10(7):878. doi: 10.3390/nu10070878

Table 4.

Intervention strategies for the reduction of body composition in overweight, obesity and T2DM: children and adolescents.

Dietary Intervention
Energy restriction	Overweight and obesity	1000 a 2000 Kcal day⁻¹ [27]
	T2DM	≥1200 Kcal day⁻¹ in ages between 6 and 12 years old [30]
VLCD	Overweight and obesity	≤1.000 Kcal day⁻¹ ó 600 a 800 Kcal day⁻¹ (PSMF) [27]
	T2DM	≥900 Kcal day⁻¹ in ages between 6 and 12 years old [30]
Macronutrients and diets		Different quantities of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and fats) and different types of diets; PSMF (10–20 weeks), proteins (1.5 to 2.0 g kg⁻¹ to reach the optimum body weight), carbohydrates (20–25 g day⁻¹), water and other liquids without calories (2 L day⁻¹), daily multivitamin supplements, balanced diet (for 10 weeks) [27]
Physical exercise
Overweight and obesity		≤2 years old should not watch television, supervised free play is encouraged; 4 to 6 years old, up to 120 min of moderate to rigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day, 60 min in structured activity and 60 min of free play; ≥10 years old, at least ≥60 min day⁻¹ of physical activity which should consist primarily of MVPA. In adolescents, promote and incorporate more complex and personalized activities [29]
T2DM		Children and adolescents with T2DM should practice moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least 60 min day⁻¹ a day [27,31] Limited television time, to less than 2 h per day [27] Evidence grade D: expert opinions and evidence from metabolic syndrome and obesity studies. Prevalence of benefits over the harms.

T1DM: Diabetes mellitus type 1; PSMF: high protein diet.