Table 1.

Principal miRNA during Heart development and Embryonic Stem cell differentiation.

MicroRNA	Regulation	Targets	References
miR-1/-133	Proliferation and muscle growth	SRF, MEF2c, MyoD, Hand2, Myocardin	[23]
	Signal mesoderm formation	Twist	[34]
miR-1	Conduction	NCX1	[22]
	Signaling	Repression of HDAC4 Activation of MEF2	[34,35]
miR-1-2	Repolarization	Kcnd2	[26,27]
miR-15 family	Cell Cycle	Repression of HSP-20	[30]
miR-17-92 complex	Second heart field	BMP signaling, SMAD repression Isl1, Tbx1	[30]
	Signaling	Repression of PTEN	[9,29,30]
	Signaling	mTOR	[31]
miR-34a	Specification	NOTCH1, Dlk1, Jagged, Hey, Hes	[24,25]
miR-155-3p	Regulates	MEF2c, KRAS (activate contractile factors)	[20,34,35]
miR-208	Hypertrophy and muscle growth Myosin Heavy chain	a (208a), b (208b)	[32,33]
	Conduction	GATA4, CX40
miR-199/-483	Signal mesoderm formation	Repression of Dlk-1	[34]
miR-200c	Cardiac TF Conduction system	GATA4, TBX5, SRF CACNA1C, KCNJ2, SCN5A	[36]
miR322/503	Mesoderm formation	Celf1	[37]
miR-1/-499	Electrical/conduction	Upregulates Kir2.1, Kv1.4, HERG, and DHPR Downregulates HCN4	[18,38]
miR-1/-133/-208/-499	Enhanced ES conversion		[33,37,39,40]