Table 3.
Serum glucose and insulin levels at fasting states and insulin resistance.
| Normal-Control (n = 10) | Control (n = 10) | Positive-Control (n = 10) | AGM-L (n = 10) | AGM-H (n = 10) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum glucose at fasting state (mM) | 5.4 ± 0.5 d | 9.8 ± 0.6 a | 8.4 ± 0.6 b | 8.1 ± 0.7 b | 7.2 ± 0.5 c |
| Serum insulin at fasting state (ng/mL) | 3.78 ± 0.36 a | 2.83 ± 0.32 c | 3.55 ± 0.35 a,b | 3.27 ± 0.34 b | 3.23 ± 0.36 b |
| HOMA-IR | 5.4 ± 0.6 d | 9.8 ± 1.0 a | 8.4 ± 0.9 b | 8.1 ± 0.8 b | 7.2 ± 0.8 c |
| Urinary glucose | - | ++++ | +++ | ++ | + |
| Mean cerebral blood flow (mm/s) | 657 ± 45 a | 405 ± 42 c | 424 ± 45 c | 643 ± 65 a | 571 ± 67 b |
+, ++, +++, ++++ higher amount of urinary glucose detection with more +. – No detection of urinary glucose. Values are means ± standard deviation. The test product was the mixture of free-dried aronia, red ginseng, mushroom and nattokinase. Px rats fed a high fat diet supplemented with (1) 0.5 g mixture/kg bw/day (AGM-L), (2) 1 g mixture/kg bw/day (AGM-H), (3) 1 g dextrin/kg bw/day (control), or (4) metformin (120 mg/kg body weight; positive-control) for 12 weeks. Sham-operated rats (normal-control) fed the same diet of control. a,b,c,d Values on the same row with different superscripts were significantly different at p < 0.05.