ASK1	Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
ALT	Alanine aminotransferase
AST	Aspartate aminotransferase
AT	Adipose tissue
ATF	Activating transcription factor
BA	Bile acid
BAT	Brown adipose tissue
Bax	B-cell lymphoma associated X
CCAAT	Cytosine–cytosine–adenosine–adenosine–thymidine
CHOP	C/EBP homologous protein
CoA	Coenzyme A
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
DAG	Diacylglycerol
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
FC	Free cholesterol
FFAs	Free fatty acid
FXR	Farnesoid X receptor
GM	Gut microbiota
IL	Interleukin
IRE1	Inositol requiring enzyme 1
JNK	Jun terminal kinase
LPC	lysophosphatidyl choline
MT	Milk thistle
MetS	Metabolic syndrome
NAFLD	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
N-SMase	Neutral sphingomyelinase
OA	Oleic acid
PA	Palmitic acid
PFA	Polyunsaturated fatty acid
PERK	PKR-like ER kinase
PPAR-γ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
RIP	receptor interacting protein
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SFA	Saturated fatty acid
SREBP	Sterol regulatory-element binding protein
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TC	Total cholesterol
TGs	Triglycerides
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TNFα	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TRADD	TNF receptor associated death domain protein
TRAF2	Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2
TRAIL	TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
WAT	White adipose tissue