Table 5.
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for obesity and metabolic syndrome according to level of liking for fat.
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dislike (n = 1895) | Neither Like nor Dislike (n = 998) | Like (n = 857) | p-Trend | Dislike (n = 2605) | Neither Like nor Dislike (n = 848) | Like (n = 528) | p-Trend | |
| Low HDL cholesterol | ||||||||
| Prevalence (n (%)) | 427 (24.9) | 238 (23.9) | 225 (26.3) | 1342 (51.5) | 396 (46.7) | 270 (51.1) | ||
| ORs (95% CI) | 1 | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | 0.94 (0.77–1.14) | 0.346 * | 1 | 0.85 (0.72–1.00) | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 0.135 * |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | ||||||||
| Prevalence (n (%)) | 811 (42.8) | 447 (44.8) | 404 (47.1) | 796 (30.6) | 236 (27.8) | 166 (31.4) | ||
| ORs (95% CI) | 1 | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 0.715 * | 1 | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 0.98 (0.79–1.21) | 0.956 * |
| High fasting glucose | ||||||||
| Prevalence (n (%)) | 411 (21.7) | 215 (21.5) | 178 (20.8) | 336 (12.9) | 103 (12.2) | 77 (14.6) | ||
| ORs (95% CI) | 1 | 0.95 (0.79–1.16) | 0.81 (0.66–0.99) | 0.048 * | 1 | 1.04 (0.81–1.32) | 1.07 (0.81–1.41) | 0.609 * |
| High blood pressure | ||||||||
| Prevalence (n (%)) | 606 (32.0) | 305 (30.6) | 289 (33.7) | 855 (32.8) | 226 (26.7) | 172 (32.6) | ||
| ORs (95% CI) | 1 | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 0.90 (0.75–1.08) | 0.275 * | 1 | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) | 1.03 (0.83–1.29) | 0.799 * |
| Abdominal obesity | ||||||||
| Prevalence (n (%)) | 337 (17.8) | 234 (23.5) | 251 (29.3) | 1386 (53.2) | 450 (53.1) | 318 (60.2) | ||
| ORs (95% CI) | 1 | 1.45 (1.20–1.75) | 1.91 (1.58–2.31) | <0.0001 † | 1 | 1.31 (1.11–1.55) | 1.58 (1.29–1.94) | <0.0001 † |
| Obesity | ||||||||
| Prevalence (n (%)) | 676 (35.7) | 426 (42.7) | 428 (49.9) | 1132 (43.5) | 364 (42.9) | 294 (55.7) | ||
| ORs (95% CI) | 1 | 1.30 (1.11–1.52) | 1.87 (1.58–2.21) | <0.0001 † | 1 | 1.06 (0.91–1.25) | 1.72 (1.42–2.08) | <0.0001 † |
| Severe obesity | ||||||||
| Prevalence (n (%)) | 41 (2.2) | 33 (3.3) | 33 (3.9) | 171 (6.6) | 55 (6.5) | 50 (9.5) | ||
| ORs (95% CI) | 1 | 1.48 (0.93–2.36) | 1.82 (1.14–2.90) | 0.01 † | 1 | 1.04 (0.75–1.42) | 1.52 (1.09–2.12) | 0.027 † |
| Metabolic syndrome (No. of components) | ||||||||
| ≥3 | ||||||||
| Prevalence (n (%)) | 357 (18.8) | 204 (20.4) | 199 (23.2) | 804 (30.9) | 232 (27.4) | 176 (33.3) | ||
| ORs (95% CI) | 1 | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) | 1.29 (1.06–1.50) | 0.01 † | 1 | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) | 1.28 (1.04–1.58) | 0.018 † |
| 1–2 | ||||||||
| Prevalence (n (%)) | 998 (52.7) | 521 (52.2) | 442 (51.6) | 1288 (49.4) | 414 (48.8) | 264 (50.0) | ||
| ORs (95% CI) | 1 | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.566 † | 1 | 0.93 (0.79–1.08) | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) | 0.772 † |
| 0 (normal) | ||||||||
| Prevalence (n (%)) | 540 (28.5) | 273 (27.4) | 216 (25.2) | 513 (19.7) | 202 (23.8) | 88 (16.7) | ||
| ORs (95% CI) | 1 | 0.93 (0.78–1.10) | 0.86 (0.71–1.03) | 0.092 † | 1 | 0.98 (0.81–1.20) | 0.70 (0.54–0.91) | 0.022 † |
CI, confidence intervals; HDL, high density lipoprotein; OR, odds ratio. ORs (95% CIs) were conducted by logistic regression model. * p-trend obtained with adjustment for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking, exercise, education level, and income status. † p-trend obtained with adjustment for age, alcohol intake, smoking, exercise, education level, and income status.