Location of hospitals taking part in the RENOMAB project and reporting culture-confirmed melioidosis cases. All of the B. pseudomallei strains were sent to the reference laboratory at the Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. B. pseudomallei identification of bacterial strains was confirmed by using either recA sequence analysis or B. pseudomallei-specific TTSS1 real-time PCR assay [28]. Border lines of provinces or cities are shown. The color indicates the number of hospitals within the province or city that reported cases of melioidosis. Geographic map was constructed by the MapInfo 7.8 (MapInfo, Troy, NY, USA).