Table 5.
Association between serum PUFA status and tertiles (T) of fish intake (grams per day) for all reporters and plausible reporter.
| FFQ g/day Intake (Plausible Reporters n = 268) | FUQ Frequency of Fish Intake (Plausible Reporters n = 260) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (Low) | T2 (Medium) | T3 (High) | T1 (Low) | T2 (Medium) | T3 (High) | |||||
| Beta | 95% CI | Beta | 95% CI | Beta | 95% CI | Beta | 95% CI | |||
| White fish | ||||||||||
| LA | Ref | −0.117 | (−0.132, 0.002) | −0.030 | (−0.084, 0.051) | Ref | −0.016 | (−0.078, 0.060) | 0.030 | (−0.054, 0.089) |
| AA | Ref | −0.039 | (−0.025, 0.013) | 0.009 | (−0.017, 0.020) | Ref | 0.041 | (−0.013, 0.026) | 0.032 | (−0.015, 0.025) |
| ALA | Ref | 0.032 | (−0.001, 0.002) | −0.097 | (−0.002, 0.000) | Ref | 0.016 | (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.110 | (0.000, 0.002) |
| EPA | Ref | 0.006 | (−0.002, 0.002) | 0.033 | (−0.001, 0.002) | Ref | 0.010 | (−0.002, 0.002) | 0.032 | (−0.001, 0.002) |
| DHA | Ref | −0.027 | (−0.026, 0.016) | −0.037 | (−0.027, 0.015) | Ref | 0.026 | (−0.017, 0.026) | 0.056 | (−0.012, 0.033) |
| total n-6 | Ref | −0.112 | (−0.147, 0.005) | −0.024 | (−0.092, 0.061) | Ref | −0.004 | (−0.081, 0.075) | 0.034 | (−0.058, 0.104) |
| total n-3 | Ref | −0.023 | (−0.026, 0.017) | −0.038 | (−0.029, 0.015) | Ref | 0.026 | (−0.017, 0.027) | 0.064 | (−0.011, 0.035) |
| n6:n-3 ratio | Ref | −0.041 | (−0.580, 0.288) | 0.009 | (−0.401, 0.468) | Ref | −0.031 | (−0.555, 0.334) | −0.022 | (−0.544, 0.381) |
| Fatty fish | ||||||||||
| LA | Ref | −0.008 | (−0.072, 0.063) | −0.021 | (−0.079, 0.056) | Ref | 0.024 | (−0.054, 0.078) | −0.060 | (−0.116, 0.041) |
| AA | Ref | 0.011 | (−0.017, 0.020) | 0.001 | (−0.019, 0.019) | Ref | 0.022 | (−0.015, 0.022) | 0.024 | (−0.018, 0.026) |
| ALA | Ref | −0.027 | (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.075 | (0.000, 0.002) | Ref | −0.091 | (−0.002, 0.000) | 0.064 | (−0.001, 0.002) |
| EPA | Ref | −0.050 | (−0.003, 0.001) | −0.012 | (−0.002, 0.002) | Ref | −0.113 | (−0.003, 0.000) | 0.180 | (0.001, 0.005) * |
| DHA | Ref | 0.010 | (−0.019, 0.023) | −0.012 | (−0.023, 0.019) | Ref | −0.006 | (−0.022, 0.020) | 0.018 | (−0.021, 0.028) |
| total n-6 | Ref | −0.005 | (−0.079, 0.073) | −0.018 | (−0.088, 0.065) | Ref | 0.026 | (−0.059, 0.090) | −0.046 | (−0.122, 0.055) |
| total n-3 | Ref | 0.004 | (−0.021, 0.022) | −0.009 | (−0.023, 0.020) | Ref | −0.020 | (−0.025, 0.018) | 0.036 | (−0.018, 0.033) |
| n6:n-3 ratio | Ref | −0.056 | (−0.636, 0.234) | −0.018 | (−0.499, 0.374) | Ref | 0.002 | (−0.421, 0.432) | −0.014 | (−0.564, 0.452) |
| Total all fish | ||||||||||
| LA | Ref | −0.048 | (−0.094, 0.041) | −0.038 | (−0.088, 0.046) | Ref | 0.023 | (−0.057, 0.082) | −0.077 | (−0.119, 0.028) |
| AA | Ref | −0.010 | (−0.021, 0.017) | 0.020 | (−0.016, 0.022) | Ref | 0.019 | (−0.016, 0.022) | 0.029 | (−0.016, 0.026) |
| ALA | Ref | 0.001 | (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.034 | (−0.001, 0.002) | Ref | −0.027 | (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.109 | (0.000, 0.002) |
| EPA | Ref | −0.045 | (−0.003, 0.001) | 0.044 | (−0.001, 0.003) | Ref | −0.014 | (−0.002, 0.002) | 0.095 | (0.000, 0.004) |
| DHA | Ref | −0.050 | (−0.030, 0.012) | −0.005 | (−0.022, 0.020) | Ref | −0.076 | (−0.035, 0.008) | 0.077 | (−0.008, 0.038) |
| total n-6 | Ref | −0.044 | (−0.105, 0.049) | −0.028 | (−0.094, 0.058) | Ref | 0.024 | (−0.063, 0.094) | −0.060 | (−0.124, 0.043) |
| total n-3 | Ref | −0.052 | (−0.031, 0.012) | 0.001 | (−0.022, 0.022) | Ref | −0.076 | (−0.036, 0.008) | 0.089 | (−0.006, 0.041) |
| n6:n-3 ratio | Ref | 0.031 | (−0.325, 0.548) | −0.043 | (−0.588, 0.283) | Ref | 0.117 | (−0.022, 0.867) | −0.121 | (−0.933, 0.012) |
T1 = tertile 1, T2 = tertile 2, T3 = tertile 3; T1 was reference to which T2 and T3 were compared; regression models adjusted for maternal age at enrolment, maternal BMI, and Hollingshead socioeconomic status; * significant results p < 0.05.