Table 6.
Composition of most relevant fatty acid from breast milk of the women during the lactation period studied.
| Time of Study | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FA Composition | 1st Month | 2rd Month | 3rd Month | 4th Month | 5th Month | 6th Month |
| C12:0 | 2.75 ± 0.2 | 2.64 ± 0.2 | 2.29 ± 0.1 | 2.84 ± 0.2 | 2.55 ± 0.2 | 2.34 ± 0.1 |
| C14:0 | 6.92 ± 0.4 | 6.17 ± 0.5 | 6.34 ± 0.4 | 6.19 ± 0.5 | 5.98 ± 0.4 | 5.83 ± 0.6 |
| C16:0 | 25.5 ± 2.9 | 24.3 ± 2.5 | 25.1 ± 2.8 | 25.7 ± 3.1 | 24.9± 2.8 | 24.6 ± 2.4 |
| C18:0 | 4.15 ± 0.5 | 4.23 ± 0.4 | 4.38 ± 0.6 | 4.56 ± 0.4 | 5.01± 0.5 | 4.09 ± 0.5 |
| C18:1n-9 | 33.2 ± 3.9 | 33.1 ± 3.7 | 35.2 ± 4.0 | 37.5 ± 4.5 | 37.7 ± 3.5 | 40.7 ± 4.6 |
| C18:2n-6 (LA) | 18.1 ± 2.1 | 18.7 ± 1.9 | 17.2 ± 2.0 | 16.8 ± 1.7 | 17.0 ± 1.5 | 16.8 ± 1.3 |
| C18:3n-3 (ALA) | 2.12 ± 0.3 | 2.29 ± 0.4 | 1.99 ± 0.3 | 1.92 ± 0.4 | 1.85 ± 0.2 | 1.79 ± 0.2 |
| C20:4n-6 (AA) | 0.75 ± 0.1 | 0.79 ± 0.1 | 0.74 ± 0.1 | 0.72 ± 0.05 | 0.68 ± 0.1 | 0.70 ± 0.05 |
| C20:5n-3 (EPA) | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.02 |
| C22:6n-3 (DHA) | 0.39 ± 0.04 d,e,f | 0.37 ± 0.04 d,e,f | 0.36 ± 0.03 d,e,f | 0.24 ± 0.02 a,b,c,f | 0.19 ± 0.03 a,b,c | 0.14 ± 0.02 a,b,c,d |
| SFA | 40.5 ± 4.6 | 39.5 ± 4.3 | 40.6 ± 3.9 | 39.5 ± 3.8 | 38.6 ± 4.8 | 36.9 ± 3.8 |
| MUFA | 36.9 ± 3.2 | 37.2 ± 3.8 | 38.9 ± 4.1 | 40.6 ± 4.0 | 40.7 ± 4.5 | 43.1 ± 4.8 |
| PUFA | 22.6 ± 2.7 | 23.3 ± 2.8 | 20.5 ± 2.5 | 19.9 ± 2.0 | 20.7 ± 1.8 | 20.0 ± 1.6 |
| LCPUFA | 1.46 ± 0.1 d,e,f | 1.40 ± 0.1 d,e,f | 1.36 ± 0.1 e,f | 1.19 ± 0.1 a,b,f | 1.08 ± 0.05 a,b,c | 0.99 ± 0.05 a,b,c,d |
| n-6 LCPUFA | 0.83 ± 0.1 | 0.85 ± 0.1 | 0.81 ± 0.1 | 0.78 ± 0.05 | 0.74 ± 0.05 | 0.72 ± 0.05 |
| n-3 LCPUFA | 0.63 ± 0.05 d,e,f | 0.55 ± 0.05 d,e,f | 0.55 ± 0.04 d,e,f | 0.41 ± 0.03 a,b,c,e,f | 0.34 ± 0.02 a,b,c,d,f | 0.27 ± 0.02 a,b,c,d,e |
| n-6/n-3 LCPUFA ratio | 1.32 ± 0.1 b,c,d,e,f | 1.55 ± 0.1 a,d,e,f | 1.74 ± 0.1 a,e,f | 1.90 ± 0.2 a,b,f | 2.18 ± 0.3 a,b,c | 2.67 ± 0.3 a,b,c,d |
Data are expressed as g fatty acid per 100 g FAME and represent the mean ± SD for n = 60 women. Statistical significance (p < 0.05). a: Significantly different from the 1st month of lactation; b: significantly different from the 2rd month of lactation; c: significantly different from the 3rd month of lactation; d: significantly different from the 4th month of lactation; e: significant difference from de 5th month of lactation; and f: significant difference from 6th month of lactation. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. The identification of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and their relationships are shown in Table 4.