Table 1.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-receptor mediated Gα signaling and its cellular effects.

Gα Subunit	Signaling Pathway	Cellular Effects	References
Gα12/13	Rho/ROCK and Rho/SRF pathways	Cell motility Invasion Cytoskeletal changes Vasodilation	[44,45,46]
Gαq/11	IP3-DAG pathway	Cell growth Immunity Learning and memory	[44,45,46,47]
Gαs	Adenylyl cyclase	Inhibits cell migration	[48]
Gαi/O	Ras/MAPK pathway PI3K/Rac pathway PI3K/Akt pathway	Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton Cytoskeletal changes and cell migration Cell survival and apoptosis	[49,50,51,52]