Table 2.
Clinical and social characteristics by diabetic kidney disease stage.
| Characteristics | All Subjects n (%) | Without nephropathy n(%) | With nephropathy n(%) | P value | Diabetic kidney disease | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Micro-albuminuria | Macro-albuminuria | ESRD | |||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Number | 640 | 213 | 427 | 184 | 83 | 160 | |||
| Age | 30-<45 years | 31 (4.84) | 9 (4.23) | 22 (5.15) | <.001 | 8 (4.35) | 8 (9.64) | 6 (3.75) | .001 |
| 45–60 years | 408 (63.75) | 164 (77.00) | 244 (57.14) | 122 (66.30) | 48 (57.83) | 74 (46.25) | |||
| > 60 years | 201 (31.41) | 40 (18.77) | 161 (37.71) | 54 (29.35) | 27 (32.53) | 80 (50.00) | |||
| Gender | Male | 285 (44.53) | 79 (37.09) | 206 (48.24) | .062 | 84 (45.65) | 48 (57.83) | 74 (46.25) | .189 |
| Female | 355 (55.47) | 134 (62.91) | 221 (51.76) | 100 (54.35) | 35 (42.17) | 86 (53.75) | |||
| Diabetes duration | <15 years | 182 (28.44) | 73 (34.27) | 109 (25.53) | .017 | 46 (25.00) | 19 (22.89) | 44 (27.50) | .411 |
| 15–30 years | 444 (69.38) | 138 (64.79) | 306 (71.66) | 135 (73.37) | 61 (73.49) | 110 (68.75) | |||
| >30 years | 14 (2.18) | 2 (0.94) | 12 (2.81) | 3 (1.63) | 3 (3.62) | 6 (3.75) | |||
| Family history | Diabetes | 551 (86.09) | 192 (90.14) | 359 (84.07) | .036 | 159 (86.41) | 74 (89.16) | 126 (83.13) | .793 |
| Renal disease | 110 (17.19) | 39 (18.31) | 71 (16.63) | .052 | 37 (20.11) | 7 (8.43) | 27 (16.87) | .005 | |
| Marital status | Single | 22 (3.44) | 5 (2.35) | 17 (3.98) | <.001 | 7 (3.81) | 2 (2.42) | 8 (5.00) | .289 |
| Married | 514 (80.31) | 188 (88.26) | 326 (76.35) | 141 (76.63) | 71 (85.53) | 114 (71.25) | |||
| Divorced | 23 (3.59) | 5 (2.35) | 18 (4.22) | 9 (4.89) | 2 (2.42) | 7 (4.38) | |||
| Widow | 81 (12.66) | 15 (7.04) | 66 (15.46) | 27 (14.67) | 8 (9.63) | 31 (19.37) | |||
| Social class | I | 201 (31.41) | 43 (20.19) | 158 (37.00) | <.001 | 51 (27.72) | 21 (25.30) | 86 (53.75) | <.001 |
| II | 218 (34.06) | 73 (34.27) | 145 (33.96) | 64 (34.78) | 23 (27.71) | 58 (36.25) | |||
| III | 169 (26.41) | 75 (35.21) | 94 (22.01) | 52 (28.26) | 28 (33.73) | 14 (8.75) | |||
| IV | 52 (8.12) | 22 (10.33) | 30 (7.03) | 17 (9.24) | 11 (13.26) | 2 (1.25) | |||
| DM complications | Neuropathy | 323 (50.47) | 106 (49.77) | 217 (50.82) | .38 | 96 (52.17) | 42 (50.60) | 79 (49.38) | .863 |
| Retinopathy | 341 (53.28) | 63 (29.58) | 278 (65.11) | <.001 | 97 (52.27) | 59 (71.08) | 122 (76.25) | <.001 | |
| Vasculopathy | 138 (21.56) | 15 (7.04) | 123 (28.81) | <.001 | 40 (21.74) | 25 (30.12) | 58 (36.25) | <.001 | |
| Associated diseases | Hypertension | 477 (74.53) | 119 (55.87) | 358 (83.84) | <.001 | 144 (78.26) | 69 (83.13) | 145 (90.63) | .003 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 32 (5.00) | 9 (4.23) | 23 (5.39) | <.001 | 9 (4.89) | 8 (9.64) | 6 (3.75) | .062 | |
Data are mean (standard deviation) or number (percentage). ESRD: end-stage renal disease.