Table 2.
Survivors versus non-survivors in ECMO-treated massive PE patients.
| Survivor (n=6) | Non-survivor (n=8) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Male | 2 (33.3) | 2 (25.0) | >.999 |
| Mean age (years) | 49.8 (8.9) | 56.4 (22.5) | .516 |
| BMI | 24.2 (0.9) | 27.4 (5.5) | .152 |
| Smoking | 2 (33.3) | 2 (25.0) | >.999 |
| DM | 1 (16.7) | 1 (12.5) | >.999 |
| Hypertension | 0 (0.0) | 3 (37.5) | .209 |
| Cancer | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| Predisposing factor | |||
| Post orthopedic surgery | 1 (16.7) | 2 (25.0) | >.999 |
| Immobility | 1 (16.7) | 4 (50.0) | .301 |
| Trauma | 2 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | .165 |
| Unknown | 1 (16.7) | 2 (25.0) | >.999 |
| TTE parameter | |||
| RVSP | 45.4 (6.4) | 41.1 (17.0) | .524 |
| TAPSE | 12.1 (3.8) | 11.7 (4.8) | .877 |
| RV dilation | 6(100.0) | 7 (87.5) | >.999 |
| Chest CT finding | |||
| Proximal PE | 6 (100.0) | 6 (75.0) | .473 |
| Cardiac arrest | |||
| IHCA | 3 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | >.999 |
| OHCA | 2 (33.3) | 2 (25.0) | >.999 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 1 (16.7) | 2 (25.0) | >.999 |
| Treatment | |||
| Heparin | 6 (100.0) | 7 (87.5) | >.999 |
| Urokinase | 0 (0.0) | 1 (12.5) | >.999 |
| Surgical embolectomy | 1 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | .429 |
| ECG finding | |||
| Asystole | 2 (33.3) | 2 (25.0) | >.999 |
| PEA | 3 (50.0) | 2 (25.0) | .580 |
| VT/V.fib | 0 (0.0) | 2 (25.0) | .473 |
| Sinus tachycardia | 1 (16.7) | 2 (25.0) | >.999 |
| GCS | 5.8 (3.1) | 6.6 (4.9) | .737 |
| APACHE II score | 19.0 (4.5) | 25.0 (7.6) | .111 |
| Pre-ECMO laboratory findings | |||
| pH | 7.3 (0.1) | 7.2 (0.2) | .133 |
| HCO3 (mmol/L) | 14.4 (2.6) | 11.3(2.9) | .056 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 3.8 (0.4) | 4.1 (1.2) | .534 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.8) | .080 |
| Platelet (×109/L) | 197.3 (81.3) | 158.9 (86.9) | .417 |
| D-dimer | 21.3 (16.8) | 5.6 (4.0) | .106 |
| CK-MB (ng/mL) | 4.0 (2.9) | 8.4 (7.1) | .178 |
| CA-ECMO time | 22.5 (15.5) | 53.6 (68.0) | .246 |
Data are expressed as mean(standard deviation) or N (%); ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; TTE, trans-thoracic echocardiography; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RV, right ventricle; CT, computed tomography; PE, pulmonary embolism; IHCA, in-hospital cardiac arrest; OHCA, out of hospital cardiac arrest; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; ECG, electrocardiography; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; VT, ventricular tachycardia; V.fib, ventricular fibrillation; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; CK-MB, creatine kinase MB.