Table 3.
Association between risk factors and 1-year outcomes stratified by cerebrovascular disease type
| Variables | Patients (n) | 1-year outcomes, n (%) | Crude results | Adjusted results | ||
| HR/OR (95% CI) | P values | HR/OR (95% CI) | P values | |||
| All-cause death* | ||||||
| Ischaemic stroke | ||||||
| NRCMS | 7654 | 669 (8.7) | 1.26 (1.11 to 1.42) | 0.0002 | 1.34 (1.18 to 1.54) | <0.0001 |
| Self-payment | 1748 | 146 (8.4) | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.30) | 0.5407 | 1.20 (0.98 to 1.47) | 0.0703 |
| UBMIS | 9939 | 830 (8.4) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Transient ischaemic attack | ||||||
| NRCMS | 789 | 18 (2.3) | 1.10 (0.61 to 2.01) | 0.7487 | 1.17 (0.59 to 2.30) | 0.6588 |
| Self-payment | 125 | 3 (2.4) | 1.13 (0.34 to 3.75) | 0.8358 | 1.23 (0.36 to 4.22) | 0.7381 |
| UBMIS | 1241 | 28 (2.3) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | ||||||
| NRCMS | 1639 | 277 (16.9) | 1.22 (0.96 to 1.54) | 0.0999 | 1.27 (0.98 to 1.64) | 0.0674 |
| Self-payment | 296 | 39 (13.2) | 0.89 (0.57 to 1.38) | 0.6094 | 1.09 (0.70 to 1.71) | 0.6969 |
| UBMIS | 1107 | 191 (17.3) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Stroke recurrence† | ||||||
| Ischaemic stroke | ||||||
| NRCMS | 7654 | 557 (7.3) | 1.16 (1.03 to 1.30) | 0.0115 | 1.34 (1.20 to 1.51) | <0.0001 |
| Self-payment | 1748 | 103 (5.9) | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.15) | 0.4935 | 1.06 (0.86 to 1.31) | 0.5795 |
| UBMIS | 9939 | 629 (6.3) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Transient ischaemic attack | ||||||
| NRCMS | 789 | 46 (5.8) | 0.88 (0.62 to 1.27) | 0.5000 | 0.94 (0.65 to 1.37) | 0.7558 |
| Self-payment | 125 | 9 (7.2) | 1.14 (0.57 to 2.26) | 0.7127 | 1.05 (0.54 to 2.02) | 0.8931 |
| UBMIS | 1241 | 82 (6.6) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | ||||||
| NRCMS | 1639 | 116 (7.1) | 0.88 (0.67 to 1.17) | 0.3856 | 0.93 (0.70 to 1.26) | 0.6561 |
| Self-payment | 296 | 16 (5.4) | 0.72 (0.42 to 1.22) | 0.2189 | 0.89 (0.52 to 1.55) | 0.6897 |
| UBMIS | 1107 | 85 (7.7) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Disability‡ | ||||||
| Ischaemic stroke | ||||||
| NRCMS | 6968 | 2185 (31.4) | 1.24 (1.16 to 1.33) | <0.0001 | 1.30 (1.21 to 1.41) | <0.0001 |
| Self-payment | 1552 | 488 (31.4) | 1.25 (1.11 to 1.40) | 0.0002 | 1.33 (1.18 to 1.51) | <0.0001 |
| UBMIS | 8820 | 2373 (26.9) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Transient ischaemic attack | ||||||
| NRCMS | 775 | 59 (7.6) | 1.08 (0.77 to 1.53) | 0.6437 | 1.31 (0.90 to 1.91) | 0.1649 |
| Self-payment | 120 | 12 (10.0) | 1.46 (0.77 to 2.76) | 0.2409 | 1.74 (0.90 to 3.36) | 0.0992 |
| UBMIS | 1218 | 86 (7.1) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | ||||||
| NRCMS | 1465 | 718 (49.0) | 1.14 (0.97 to 1.35) | 0.1063 | 1.27 (1.06 to 1.52) | 0.0112 |
| Self-payment | 263 | 112 (42.6) | 0.88 (0.67 to 1.16) | 0.3792 | 1.01 (0.75 to 1.34) | 0.9709 |
| UBMIS | 940 | 429 (45.6) | Ref | Ref | ||
*Adjusted for age, mRS score, family monthly income per capita, smoking, drinking, NIHSS score on administration, cerebrovascular disease type, previous stroke or TIA, heart failure/myocardial infarction, dyslipidaemia, hospital level, antiplatelets and anticoagulants in the Cox model with consideration of the hospital’s cluster effect.
†Adjusted for age, mRS score, family monthly income per capita, drinking, NIHSS score on administration, previous stroke or TIA, heart failure/myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hospital level, antiplatelets and anticoagulants in the Cox model with consideration of the hospital’s cluster effect.
‡Adjusted for age, sex, education, mRS score, cerebrovascular disease type, smoking, drinking, heart failure or myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, hospital level, antiplatelets and anticoagulants in the generalised equation estimation model.
mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NRCMS, New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme; Ref, reference; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; UBMIS, Urban Basic Medical Insurance Scheme.