The shaded region in the brain figure is the part of the left ventral posterior cingulate cortex where the gray matter volume is smaller for the group of HIV+ individuals with distal neuropathic pain (DNP) compared to the HIV+ individuals without DNP using the adjusted analysis (see Table 4, statistical model #2). The bar chart shows that the average gray matter volume for the left posterior cingulate cortex cluster is smaller for the HIV DNP group compared with the HIV group without DNP. In the brain figure the shaded volume P values threshold are less than 0.05, cluster volume = 65 voxels, with an average t = 4.38, with an average P = 0.032. The peak P values is 0.017 and the peak t-value is 5.15 with MNI coordinates X = −6, Y = −54, Z = 20. The error bars in the bar chart represent the standard error of the mean.