Table 3.

Comparison between medical students’ perception of skills, satisfaction, and outcome gained from problem-based learning and traditional lecture

Skills	Type	Mean score	SD	t test	P
Critical thinking	PBL	4.13	1.42	14.68	<.001
	Lectures	2.86	1.19
Team building	PBL	4.04	1.17	21.89	<.001
	Lectures	2.38	1.13
Effective communication	PBL	4.12	1.10	23.07	<.001
	Lectures	2.41	1.13
Self-directed learning	PBL	4.10	1.11	17.97	<.001
	Lectures	2.68	1.27
Self-assessment	PBL	3.82	1.18	14.66	<.001
	Lectures	2.67	1.18
Problem solving	PBL	4.03	1.10	19.60	<.001
	Lectures	2.57	1.17
Coping with change	PBL	3.84	1.11	14.78	<.001
	Lectures	2.75	1.12
Life-long learning	PBL	3.81	1.20	9.38	<.001
	Lectures	3.05	1.25
Total skills score	PBL	47.22	10.65	20.93	<.001
	Lectures	33.0	9.94
Satisfaction with PBL	PBL	3.70	1.25	4.94	<.001
	Lectures	3.30	1.24
Provides better learning outcome for my future	PBL	3.77	1.23	5.24	<.001
	Lecture	3.33	1.27

PBL: Problem-based learning.