Table 1.
Demographics of participants
| Type of dystonia |
Task-specific dystonia (
n
= 15)
|
Nontask-specific dystonia (
n
= 18)
|
Healthy participants ( n = 15) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spasmodic dysphonia | Writer's cramp | Cervical dystonia | Blepharospasm | |||
| Number of participants | 8 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 15 | N/A |
| Age (years; mean ± standard deviation) | 59.9 ± 11.4 | 53.3 ± 9.4 | 55.2 ± 12.8 | 60.1 ± 8.1 | 49.7 ± 13.0 | ≥0.08 |
| Gender (Female/Male) | 6 F/2 M | 3 F/4 M | 7 F/2 M | 9 F | 8 F/7 M | ≥0.23 |
| Dystonia duration (years; mean ± standard deviation) | 13.2 ± 10.2 | 9.6 ± 7.5 | N/A | 0.27 | ||
| Symptom severity (BFMDRS; mean ± standard deviation) | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 2.5 | N/A | 0.70 | ||
| Handedness (Edinburgh Inventory) | All: Right | |||||
| Genetic status | All: Negative for DYT1, DYT6, DYT4, and DYT25 | |||||
Note: BFMDRS, Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale; N/A, not applicable.