Measurement of ROS production in the GNE myopathy muscle in vivo using microdialysis. (A-B) Experimental set up and representative HPLC chromatograms. Perfusion medium containing 5 mM salicylate (Sal) was pumped through a microdialysis probe and DHBA in dialysate was detected by HPLC–electrochemical detection system: (A) baseline, (B) post-stimulus. (C) Electrical stimulus (ES) consisted of 50V, 40 Hz, 3 ms pulses for 300 trains. HPLC profils of DHBA during the experiments. (D) DHBA increments after contraction in GNE myopathy mice (n = 9) and littermates (n = 5). Pre-ES, before ES. ES1, 1st 20 min after ES. ES2, 2nd 20 min after ES. Data represent mean ± SEM. Each circle represents a DHBA level from an individual mouse. *P < 0.05.