FIG. 4.

Paraquat-induced mtDNA damage in Drosophila. Sublethal paraquat-induced mtDNA damage in Drosophila heads. a, 12 h of exposure to 20 mM paraquat increased mtDNA lesions in Drosophila heads (*P < .001, Student t test). b, Paraquat exposure did not alter mtDNA copy number compared with sucrose-treated Drosophila. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. The QPCR-based assay was performed in technical triplicate for each biological replicate (n = 5 vehicle, n = 5 paraquat-treated Drosophila batches).