Figure 3.

Trial-by-trial VTA responses are distinctly predicted by trial-by-trial responses to task-relevant targets in dlPFC versus HPC. We estimated dlPFC and HPC contributions to VTA responses to target images. Specifically, we modeled fluctuations in transient VTA target responses as arising from fluctuations in transient dlPFC and HPC responses. The dlPFC showed a positive relationship with VTA target responses, whereas the HPC showed a negative relationship. dlPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; HPC, hippocampus; VTA, ventral tegmental area; ROI, regions of interest. Data are represented as means with SEM. *P < 0.001. See also Supplementary Figure 1.