Table 1.
Sample characteristics
| Controls | HE | FAS/PFAS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 8) | (n = 16) | (n = 23) | F or X2 | |
| Maternal/Primary caregiver characteristics | ||||
| Mother's age at delivery | 24.7 (3.3) | 24.7 (5.1) | 30.0 (7.3) | 4.32* |
| Parity | 1.9 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.7) | 3.0 (1.8) | 6.08** |
| Primary caregiver's education (y) | 9.9 (1.4) | 9.7 (1.9) | 7.5 (2.9) | 5.11** |
| Socioeconomic statusa | 26.6 (7.6) | 26.8 (8.5) | 16.7 (7.7) | 9.35*** |
| Primary caregiver's marital status (% married) | 87.5 | 43.8 | 47.8 | 4.62† |
| oz AA/day (across pregnancy) | 0.002 (0.004) | 0.4 (0.5) | 1.2 (1.5) | 5.00* |
| Prenatal cigarettes (number/day) | 1.1 (2.1) | 5.6 (6.4) | 7.8 (6.3) | 3.83* |
| Child characteristics | ||||
| Age at scan | 10.5 (0.7) | 10.8 (0.6) | 10.4 (0.5) | 1.91 |
| Sex (% male) | 37.5 | 43.8 | 47.8 | 0.27 |
| Blood lead concentration (μg/dl) | 8.4 (2.6) | 9.0 (3.8) | 12.2 (6.6) | 2.54† |
| Total gray matter volume (cm3) | 706.6 (26.9) | 730.0 (73.6) | 673.5 (62.0) | 3.96* |
| Cerebellar gray matter volume (cm3) | 105.1 (7.4) | 109.1 (11.7) | 99.4 (11.6) | 3.68* |
| Cerebellar white matter volume (cm3) | 26.3 (2.3) | 26.7 (3.6) | 23.5 (3.7) | 4.65* |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (%) | 0.0 | 18.8 | 26.1 | 2.61 |
| WISC-IV IQb | 73.5 (11.5) | 76.5 (12.3) | 64.8 (9.7) | 5.78** |
†P < 0.10; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Values are Mean (SD) or percent.1 oz AA ≈ 2 standard drinks.
aHollingshead (2011) Four factor index of social status.
bWechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-4th edition.