Table 3.
Summary HRs and 95% CIs derived from meta-analyses with CHANCES cohort-specific estimates for the association of smoking status and time since smoking cessation with overall and CRC-specific survival in all CRC patients
| At risk | Events | HR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Model Aa | Model Bb | Model Cc | |||
| Overall survival | ||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 4278 | 1679 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Former | 6112 | 2531 | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 1.10 (1.03–1.18) | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) |
| Current | 2032 | 1022 | 1.23 (1.04–1.46) | 1.25 (1.05–1.49) | 1.28 (1.04–1.57) | 1.29 (1.04–1.60) |
| Time since smoking cessationd | ||||||
| Current smokers | 1916 | 947 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| <10 years | 1333 | 589 | 0.85 (0.68–1.07) | 0.81 (0.67–0.99) | 0.78 (0.69–0.88) | 0.78 (0.69–0.88) |
| ≥10 years | 4506 | 1770 | 0.80 (0.69–0.93) | 0.77 (0.65–0.92) | 0.76 (0.60–0.96) | 0.78 (0.63–0.97) |
| CRC-specific survival | ||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 4278 | 1124 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Former | 6112 | 1453 | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) | 0.98 (0.91–1.07) | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) |
| Current | 2032 | 620 | 1.20 (1.06–1.35) | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) | 1.15 (0.95–1.41) |
| Time since smoking cessationd | ||||||
| Current smokers | 1916 | 570 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| <10 years | 1333 | 305 | 0.97 (0.63–1.48) | 0.94 (0.62–1.44) | 0.82 (0.55–1.24) | 0.84 (0.60–1.20) |
| ≥10 years | 4506 | 1049 | 0.77 (0.69–0.86) | 0.76 (0.68–0.84) | 0.75 (0.66–0.86) | 0.76 (0.67–0.85) |
Model A was adjusted for sex and age.
Model B was adjusted for sex, age, BMI, education, alcohol intake, tumor site (colon/rectum), diabetes and vigorous physical activity; adjustment for vigorous physical activity was not possible in MORGAM FI and SE; adjustment for diabetes was not possible in MORGAM FI.
Model C was adjusted for all covariates adjusted for in Model B, and where possible, additionally for stage.
Since time since smoking cessation information was not available for the MORGAM FI and Rotterdam Study (RS), the number of current smokers in the reference category also excludes patients from these two studies; in analyses on smoking status these two studies were not excluded.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.