Table 3.
Behavioral Characteristics of the Study Sample
| Characteristic | Hepatitis C+ (N = 40) | Hepatitis C− (N = 37) | OR or mean difference (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other tobacco/nicotine use | ||||
| Cigar | 5 (12.5%) | 5 (13.5%) | 0.91 (0.24–3.45) | .90 |
| Pipe | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.4%) | NA | .23 |
| Chewing tobacco | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.7%) | NA | .48 |
| E-cigarette | 3 (7.5%) | 4 (10.8%) | 0.67 (0.14–3.21) | .71 |
| Daily cigarette consumption | 8.8±5.8 | 10.6±10.0 | 1.8 (−2.0–5.5) | .85 |
| Age at first cigarette | 15.8±7.6 | 16.4±6.1 | 1.6 (−2.6–3.7) | .71 |
| Lives with another smoker | 10 (25.0%) | 16 (43.2%) | 0.44 (0.17–1.15) | .09 |
| FTND scorea | 4.33±2.06 | 4.03±3.04 | 0.30 (−0.90–1.49) | .68 |
| Motivation to quit | 6.15±2.09 | 6.46±1.74 | 0.31 (−0.57–1.19) | .49 |
| Locus of control | ||||
| Intrapersonal | 3.65±1.30 | 2.80±1.19 | 0.85 (0.29–1.42) | .004 |
| Interpersonal | 3.91±1.26 | 3.62±1.17 | 0.29 (−0.26–0.84) | .30 |
| Fate | 3.46±1.26 | 3.27±1.20 | 0.19 (−0.37–0.75) | .50 |
| Total | 3.58±1.01 | 3.06±0.94 | 0.52 (0.07–0.96) | .02 |
| Reasons for quitting | ||||
| Intrinsic | 3.74±0.95 | 4.04±0.83 | 0.30 (−0.11–0.71) | .15 |
| Extrinsic | 2.79±1.00 | 2.76±1.12 | 0.03 (−0.45–0.51) | .91 |
| Self-concept | ||||
| Smoker | 4.30±2.74 | 3.41±2.63 | 0.89 (−0.34–2.11) | .15 |
| Abstainer | 7.23±2.46 | 7.62±2.46 | 0.40 (−0.72–1.52) | .48 |
| Self-efficacy | ||||
| Positive affect | 3.35±1.05 | 3.14±1.13 | 0.21 (−0.29–0.70) | .41 |
| Negative affect | 4.00±1.01 | 3.81±1.09 | 0.19 (−0.29–0.67) | .43 |
| Habit/craving | 3.47±0.95 | 3.06±1.22 | 0.41 (−0.08–0.91) | .10 |
| Total | 3.68±0.83 | 3.44±0.89 | 0.24 (−0.15–0.63) | .23 |
| Brief Symptom Inventory-18 | ||||
| Depression | 1.15±1.12 | 0.73±1.06 | 0.43 (−0.07–0.92) | .09 |
| Anxiety | 1.09±1.08 | 0.91±1.17 | 0.18 (−0.33–0.69) | .49 |
| Somatization | 1.06±0.83 | 0.79±1.04 | 0.27 (−0.15–0.70) | .21 |
| PTSD Screen Positive | 7 (17.5%) | 10 (27.0%) | 0.57 (0.19–1.71) | .31 |
| Pain during the past week | 4.93±3.97 | 4.87±4.11 | 0.06 (−1.77–1.90) | .95 |
| Partner Interaction Questionnaire | ||||
| Positive behaviors | 30.70±9.29 | 32.44±9.04 | 1.74 (−2.54–6.02) | .42 |
| Negative behaviors | 22.11±11.34 | 26.08±9.78 | 2.48 (−0.98–8.92) | .11 |
| Perceived benefits of smoking | ||||
| Controls pain | 12 (30.0%) | 5 (13.5%) | 2.74 (0.86–8.75) | .10 |
| Fights the hepatitis C virus | 9 (22.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | NA | .002 |
| Helps fight infections | 5 (12.5%) | 1 (2.7%) | 5.14 (0.57–46.3) | .20 |
| Compared to patients like yourself, likelihood that smoking will lead to your death… | ||||
| More likely | 9 (22.5%) | 17 (45.9%) | 0.34 (0.13–0.91) | .03 |
| Same or less likely | 31 (77.5%) | 20 (54.1%) | ||
| Personal importance of quitting smoking | 8.30±2.83 | 8.75±2.88 | 0.45 (−0.86–1.76) | .50 |
| Loneliness score | 22.6±8.08 | 20.5±9.37 | 2.03 (−1.93–5.99) | .31 |
CI = confidence interval; NA = not applicable; OR = odds ratio; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder.
aModified Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence.