Table 1. Sequence of primers used in qRT-PCR.

Gene symbol	Accession number	Primer	Primer sequence(5'-3')	Product size	Tm(°C)
mTOR	NM-020009.2	Forward	CAGACTGGCTCTTGCTCATAA	155 bp	57
		Reverse	GCTGGAAGGCGTCAATC
ULK1	NM-009469.3	Forward	ACACACCTTCTCCCCAAGTG	198 bp	60
		Reverse	GACGCACAACATGGAAGTCG
Beclin1	NM-019584.3	Forward	TGCAGGTGAGCTTCGTGTG	124 bp	60
		Reverse	GCTCCTCTCCTGAGTTAGCCT
Atg16L1	NM-001205392.1	Forward	CTGAGAAGGCCCAAGAAGCC	221 bp	60
		Reverse	GACAGAGCGTCTCGTAGCTG
Atg12	NM-026217.3	Forward	TAAACTGGTGGCCTCGGAAC	146 bp	60
		Reverse	ATCCCCATGCCTGGGATTTG
Atg5	NM-053069.6	Forward	CAAGGATGCGGTTGAGGC	167 bp	58
		Reverse	TGAGTTTCCGGTTGATGG
LC3	NM-025735.3	Forward	CTTCGCCGACCGCTGTAA	170 bp	60
		Reverse	GCCGGATGATCTTGACCAACT
Atg13	NM-145528.3	Forward	ACTGGTGATGCACATGCCTT	149 bp	50
		Reverse	ATGCTCCCACTTTTCGGACA
p62	NM-011018.3	Forward	GCACAGGCACAGAAGACAAG	134 bp	59
		Reverse	CACCGACTCCAAGGCTATCT
PI3K	NM-001077495.2	Forward	CTGGGGGACATACTGACTGT	140 bp	60
		Reverse	GTTCCTGGAAAGTCTCCCCTC
Akt	NM-009652.3	Forward	TCCTCAAGAACGATGGCACC	203 bp	60
		Reverse	CTCCTCAGGCGTTTCCACAT
β-actin	NM-007393	Forward	GCTGTGCTATGTTGCTCTAG	117 bp	60
		Reverse	CGCTCGTTGCCAATAGTG