Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population
| Overall (N = 906) | SHS exposure | Smoking status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unexposed (n = 362) | Exposed (n = 544) | Never (n = 495) | Former (≥15 y, n = 411) | ||
| Mean ± SD or % | Mean ± SD or % | Mean ± SD or % | Mean ± SD or % | Mean ± SD or % | |
| Demographic | |||||
| Mean age (y) | 70 ± 9 | 70 ± 9 | 71 ± 9 | 70 ± 10 | 71 ± 9 |
| Gender (% female) | 54 | 52 | 56 | 62 | 44*** |
| Former smokers (%) | 45 | 35 | 52*** | 0a | 100 |
| Education | |||||
| No HS degree (%) | 14 | 20 | 10*** | 17 | 11** |
| HS degree/diploma (%) | 37 | 29 | 42*** | 34 | 39 |
| >HS degree (%) | 49 | 51 | 48 | 49 | 50 |
| Race | |||||
| Caucasian (%) | 48 | 40 | 53*** | 44 | 53** |
| Hispanic (%) | 31 | 41 | 25*** | 34 | 28* |
| African American (%) | 21 | 19 | 22 | 22 | 19 |
| SHS exposure | |||||
| Recent (≥1h/wk, %) | 21 | 0a | 36 | 20 | 24 |
| Urine cotinine (>7.1ng/mL, %)b | 5.4 | 0a | 9.2 | 4.4 | 6.8 |
| Long-term in home (≥1 y, %) | 36 | 0a | 59 | 31 | 43*** |
| Long-term not at home (≥1 y, %) | 37 | 0a | 60 | 29 | 47*** |
HS = high school; SHS = secondhand tobacco smoke.
aCharacteristic used to define group; unexposed is defined as none of the four SHS exposures, the exposed group is defined as at least one of the four SHS exposures.
bAvailable in a subset of the population (n = 688).
***p < .001; **.001 ≤ p < .01; *.01 ≤ p < .05; SHS exposed group compared with unexposed group, former smokers compared with never-smoker group; t test to compare mean, and chi-square test to compare proportions.