Table 1.
Demographic and Baseline Characteristics
| Variables | mHealth reinforcement | mHealth monitoring | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 45) | (n = 45) | ||
| Age (mean, SD) | 44.4 (10.3) | 45.5 (11.6) | .64 |
| Female (n) | 55.6% (25) | 60.0% (27) | .67 |
| Ethnicity (n) | |||
| Not Hispanic | 88.9% (40) | 91.1% (41) | .34 |
| Hispanic | 6.7% (3) | 8.9% (4) | |
| Not reported | 4.4% (2) | 0.0% (0) | |
| Race (n) | .54 | ||
| European American | 71.1% (32) | 77.8% (35) | |
| African American | 15.6% (7) | 11.1% (5) | |
| Asian/More than one/not reported | 13.3% (6) | 11.1% (5) | |
| Cigarette smoking characteristics | |||
| Age first smoked (mean, SD) | 16.7 (4.2) | 16.5 (3.6) | .81 |
| Past 30 days cigarettes per day (mean, SD) | 17.6 (9.5) | 20.0 (8.4) | .23 |
| Packyearsa (mean, SD) | 358.6 (302.2) | 466.1 (385.6) | .15 |
| Fagerström score (mean, SD) | 3.5 (1.4) | 2.9 (1.5) | .71 |
| First cigarette within 5 minutes of waking (n) | 37.8% (17) | 35.6% (16) | .83 |
| Intake CO value (mean, SD) | 16.0 (8.3) | 16.4 (7.3) | .84 |
| Intake cotinine levelb (mean, SD) | 5.8 (0.4) | 5.9 (0.5) | .81 |
| Lives with smoker(s) (n) | 53.3% (24) | 35.6% (16) | .09 |
| At least 1 baseline CO ≤ 6 ppm (n)c | 6.7% (3) | 4.4% (2) | .65 |
| Prior quit history | |||
| ≥24-hour voluntary quit attempts (mean, SD) | 6.9 (20.4) | 6.9 (11.6) | .99 |
| Longest quit attempt (months; median, IQR) | 3.3 (8.3) | 1.6 (8.2) | .18 |
| Previous use of nicotine replacement (%, n) | 48.9% (22) | 55.6% (25) | .53 |
| Previous use non-nicotine medication (%, n) | 24.4% (11) | 33.3% (15) | .35 |
| Readiness to change (mean, SD) | 6.2 (1.8) | 6.0 (1.9) | .61 |
Readiness to Change scores range from 2 to 14.
CO = carbon monoxide; IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation.
aPack years is defined as (Current cigarettes smoked per day) / (Years smoked that amount).
bThe highest salivary cotinine test result possible was 6, equivalent to >2000ng/mL cotinine equivalents per the manufacturer.
cStratification variable obtained during the baseline period.