Table 6.
Socioeconomic and Demographic Covariates of Untreated Morbidity in the Past 12 Months for Each of 6 Chronic Diseases in the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (Wave 1), 2007–2010
| Covariate | Angina | Arthritis | Asthma | Chronic Lung Disease | Depression | Hypertension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||||||||
| Years of schooling | ||||||||||||
| No schooling | 1.93 | 1.20, 3.09 | 1.32 | 0.88, 1.98 | 1.28 | 0.72, 2.27 | 1.70 | 1.13, 2.54 | 2.92 | 1.44, 5.96 | 1.67 | 1.29, 2.15 |
| 1–5 | 1.19 | 0.77, 1.84 | 0.96 | 0.63, 1.47 | 1.31 | 0.77, 2.22 | 1.48 | 1.03, 2.12 | 1.35 | 0.74, 2.47 | 1.45 | 1.13, 1.87 |
| 6–9 | 0.91 | 0.60, 1.38 | 1.20 | 0.83, 1.72 | 1.24 | 0.77, 1.99 | 1.20 | 0.85, 1.68 | 1.18 | 0.60, 2.30 | 1.23 | 0.99, 1.52 |
| ≥10 (referent) | ||||||||||||
| Wealth quintile | ||||||||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 2.25 | 1.43, 3.55 | 1.33 | 0.92, 1.93 | 0.94 | 0.58, 1.53 | 1.18 | 0.81, 1.71 | 1.27 | 0.64, 2.52 | 2.43 | 1.77, 3.35 |
| Q2 | 1.88 | 1.20, 2.95 | 1.15 | 0.81, 1.62 | 1.30 | 0.84, 2.01 | 1.30 | 0.84, 2.02 | 0.64 | 0.33, 1.27 | 1.74 | 1.31, 2.32 |
| Q3 | 1.24 | 0.74, 2.08 | 1.09 | 0.78, 1.53 | 0.98 | 0.59, 1.64 | 1.23 | 0.84, 1.80 | 0.91 | 0.43, 1.93 | 1.47 | 1.13, 1.91 |
| Q4 | 1.32 | 0.79, 2.22 | 1.19 | 0.76, 1.88 | 0.76 | 0.50, 1.17 | 1.53 | 1.07, 2.21 | 0.39 | 0.18, 0.82 | 1.35 | 1.03, 1.77 |
| Q5 (highest; referent) | ||||||||||||
| Country | ||||||||||||
| India | 9.83 | 6.11, 15.81 | 1.61 | 0.99, 2.62 | 0.48 | 0.24, 0.96 | 2.37 | 1.20, 4.71 | 2.81 | 1.25, 6.31 | 2.60 | 1.85, 3.66 |
| China | 0.85 | 0.55, 1.32 | 1.05 | 0.68, 1.63 | 0.89 | 0.48, 1.65 | 0.39 | 0.25, 0.61 | 2.39 | 1.04, 5.50 | 2.76 | 2.08, 3.67 |
| Ghana | 11.71 | 7.13, 19.22 | 3.10 | 1.91, 5.04 | 0.53 | 0.27, 1.06 | 4.95 | 2.50, 9.82 | 2.12 | 0.96, 4.68 | 6.99 | 4.99, 9.78 |
| Mexico | 32.66 | 10.32, 103.4 | 3.05 | 1.45, 6.40 | 2.32 | 0.90, 5.97 | 6.80 | 3.52, 13.12 | 1.08 | 0.37, 3.15 | 3.38 | 2.18, 5.25 |
| South Africa | 3.70 | 2.11, 6.48 | 1.01 | 0.64, 1.59 | 0.32 | 0.16, 0.63 | 1.44 | 0.78, 2.67 | 0.42 | 0.19, 0.90 | 3.32 | 2.44, 4.53 |
| Russia (referent) | ||||||||||||
| Age group, years | ||||||||||||
| 50–59 (referent) | ||||||||||||
| 60–69 | 0.96 | 0.68, 1.35 | 0.82 | 0.64, 1.05 | 0.78 | 0.53, 1.14 | 1.04 | 0.76, 1.43 | 1.59 | 0.85, 2.95 | 0.69 | 0.59, 0.81 |
| ≥70 | 0.48 | 0.32, 0.71 | 0.79 | 0.59, 1.06 | 0.75 | 0.54, 1.04 | 1.01 | 0.71, 1.42 | 0.88 | 0.46, 1.69 | 0.51 | 0.42, 0.60 |
| Residence | ||||||||||||
| Urban (referent) | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 1.01 | 0.69, 1.48 | 1.28 | 0.90, 1.83 | 1.30 | 0.75, 2.24 | 1.23 | 0.78, 1.95 | 0.89 | 0.49, 1.62 | 1.45 | 1.18, 1.79 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male (referent) | ||||||||||||
| Female | 1.75 | 1.20, 2.55 | 1.05 | 0.78, 1.41 | 1.12 | 0.80, 1.58 | 1.57 | 1.20, 2.04 | 0.66 | 0.37, 1.16 | 0.55 | 0.46, 0.65 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Never married (referent) | ||||||||||||
| Currently married/cohabiting | 1.79 | 0.82, 3.90 | 1.20 | 0.65, 2.22 | 0.64 | 0.27, 1.51 | 1.27 | 0.64, 2.53 | 0.36 | 0.10, 1.25 | 0.87 | 0.56, 1.34 |
| Widow/divorced/separated | 1.53 | 0.69, 3.39 | 0.91 | 0.48, 1.74 | 0.51 | 0.21, 1.24 | 1.27 | 0.61, 2.65 | 0.45 | 0.14, 1.51 | 0.88 | 0.55, 1.40 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; Q, quintile.