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. 2016 Oct 18;27(12):5525–5538. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw319

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Figure 2. — MACF1 determines the number and position of tangentially migrating interneurons in the developing cerebral cortex. (A) MACF1-deleted mutants show disrupted patterns of interneuron positioning. Coronal sections of E19.5 control (MACF1^loxP/+; Dlx5/6-CIE) and MACF1^loxP/loxP; Dlx5/6-CIE brains were immunostained with a GFP antibody. Two panels in the right represent the boxed regions in left panels. (1): lateral cortex; (2): dorsal cortex. Scale bar, 200 μm and 50 μm. (B) Quantification of GABAergic interneuron positions in the cortical plate (CP). The graph indicates the distribution of interneurons in the areas of the CP as indicated in (A) in each genotype. MACF1-knockout neurons were accumulated in the lateral cortex, while control interneurons were present at higher concentrations in the dorsomedial cortex. Control: MACF1^loxP/+; Dlx5/6-CIE. KO: MACF1^loxP/loxP; Dlx5/6-CIE. N = 5 mice for each condition; cell counts = 5020 cells for control and 5122 cells for KO. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student's t-test. ***P < 0.001. (C) Quantification of neuron positions within different layers of the cerebral cortex. Top and bottom panels show the dorsal and lateral cortex, respectively. N = 5 mice for each condition; cell counts = 8017 cells for control and 8212 cells for KO. Statistical significance was determined by multiple t-tests with the Bonferoni correction test. Data shown are mean ± SEM. Asterisks indicate significant difference when compared with controls. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. (D) MACF1^loxP/loxP; Dlx5/6-CIE ventral brains show no difference in cell death. Western blotting using lysates from E19.5 control and KO ventral brains was performed to measure the level of cleaved caspase-3. (E) Quantification of (D). No significant change in the cleaved caspase-3 level in KO samples compared with controls. N = 3 independent experiments using 3 mice for each condition. (F) Aberrant tangential migration routes in MACF1-deleted brains. Top panels show two distinct migration routes of developing interneurons (dotted arrow: MZ route; lined arrow: VZ route). Bottom panels are higher magnification images of the MZ and VZ containing migrating interneurons. Scale bar, 20 μm. (G) Quantification of GABAergic interneurons within the migratory routes. The number of interneurons in MACF1-knockout brains was decreased in both the MZ and VZ routes as assessed by the thickness and intensity of GFP bands. N = 5 mice for each condition. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student's t-test. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

Figure 2. — MACF1 determines the number and position of tangentially migrating interneurons in the developing cerebral cortex. (A) MACF1-deleted mutants show disrupted patterns of interneuron positioning. Coronal sections of E19.5 control (MACF1^loxP/+; Dlx5/6-CIE) and MACF1^loxP/loxP; Dlx5/6-CIE brains were immunostained with a GFP antibody. Two panels in the right represent the boxed regions in left panels. (1): lateral cortex; (2): dorsal cortex. Scale bar, 200 μm and 50 μm. (B) Quantification of GABAergic interneuron positions in the cortical plate (CP). The graph indicates the distribution of interneurons in the areas of the CP as indicated in (A) in each genotype. MACF1-knockout neurons were accumulated in the lateral cortex, while control interneurons were present at higher concentrations in the dorsomedial cortex. Control: MACF1^loxP/+; Dlx5/6-CIE. KO: MACF1^loxP/loxP; Dlx5/6-CIE. N = 5 mice for each condition; cell counts = 5020 cells for control and 5122 cells for KO. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student's t-test. ***P < 0.001. (C) Quantification of neuron positions within different layers of the cerebral cortex. Top and bottom panels show the dorsal and lateral cortex, respectively. N = 5 mice for each condition; cell counts = 8017 cells for control and 8212 cells for KO. Statistical significance was determined by multiple t-tests with the Bonferoni correction test. Data shown are mean ± SEM. Asterisks indicate significant difference when compared with controls. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. (D) MACF1^loxP/loxP; Dlx5/6-CIE ventral brains show no difference in cell death. Western blotting using lysates from E19.5 control and KO ventral brains was performed to measure the level of cleaved caspase-3. (E) Quantification of (D). No significant change in the cleaved caspase-3 level in KO samples compared with controls. N = 3 independent experiments using 3 mice for each condition. (F) Aberrant tangential migration routes in MACF1-deleted brains. Top panels show two distinct migration routes of developing interneurons (dotted arrow: MZ route; lined arrow: VZ route). Bottom panels are higher magnification images of the MZ and VZ containing migrating interneurons. Scale bar, 20 μm. (G) Quantification of GABAergic interneurons within the migratory routes. The number of interneurons in MACF1-knockout brains was decreased in both the MZ and VZ routes as assessed by the thickness and intensity of GFP bands. N = 5 mice for each condition. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student's t-test. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.