Table 1.

Sample characteristics and distributions of main study variables (N = 137)

	n	%	M/MDa	SD/IQRb
Maternal education: ≤ High school diploma	16	12
Maternal race/ethnicity
White	65	47
Black/Haitian	38	28
Hispanic	21	15
Otherc	13	10
Maternal age at pregnancy (years)			32.10	4.95
Prenatal smoking	25	18
Child sex (male)	78	57
Child age at assessment (months)			31.84	1.77
Child birthweight (grams)			3362	500
Child gestational age (weeks)			39.29	1.43
Prenatal stress exposures: CRISYS-R: NLEd			2.15	1.97
Prenatal antioxidant intakese
Vitamin A (μg/day)			1759.65	1551
Vitamin C (mg/day)			194.58	107.74
Vitamin E (mg/day)			13.53	8.08
Magnesium (mg/day)			350.73	129.31
Zing (mg/day)			16.39	11.16
Selenium (μg/day)			120.52	59.10
Beta-carotene (μg/day)			5286.92	4142
Child temperament scales (ECBQ-VS)f
Negative Affectivity			3.00	0.71
Effortful Control			4.95	0.69
Surgency/Extraversion			5.71	0.62

^aMean (M) data presented for maternal and child age, child birthweight and gestational age, prenatal stress exposures, and child temperament scale scores. Median (MD) data presented for prenatal antioxidant intakes due to non-normality of distribution of data.

^bStandard deviation (SD) data presented for maternal and child age, child birthweight and gestational age, prenatal stress exposures, and child temperament scale scores. Interquartile range (IQR) presented for prenatal antioxidant intakes due to non-normality of distribution of data.

^cThe majority of mothers categorized as “other” race/ethnicity self-identified as Asian or multi-racial.

^dPrenatal stress exposures assessed via the Negative Life Events domain score (NLE) from the Crisis in Family Systems-Revised (CRISYS-R) survey.

^eAntioxidant intake scores available for 125 participants.

^fChild temperament scores derived from the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short form (ECBQ-VS).