Table 4.

Adjusted analysis of characteristics associated with an HIV-indicated cesarean delivery versus a non-HIV-indicated cesarean delivery comparing guideline periods 1998–1999, 2000–2008, and 2009–2013 (N=2,886)

		Multivariable analysis comparing guideline period
		1998–1999 n=478	2000–2008 n=1762	2009–2013 n=646
Characteristic		Adjusted odds ratio, AOR (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio, AOR (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio, AOR (95% CI)
Age at delivery (years)	<25	Reference	Reference	Reference
	25–30	1.25 (0.72–2.18)	0.87 (0.67–1.14)	0.61 (0.36–1.04)
	>30	1.39 (0.81–2.37)	0.68 (0.52–0.89)*	0.25 (0.12–0.52)*
Timing of HIV diagnosis	Prior to pregnancy	Reference	Reference	Reference
	During pregnancy	1.06 (0.63–1.78)	1.58 (1.22–2.06)*	2.15 (1.17–3.94)*
First trimester of ARV use	First	Reference	Reference	Reference
	Second	0.85 (0.49–1.45)	0.89 (0.68–1.15)	1.17 (0.67–2.04)
	Third	1.26 (0.65–2.46)	1.42 (0.98–2.06)	3.33 (1.23–9.02)*
	No ARV use	***	1.15 (0.41–3.17)	**
First CD4 cell count in pregnancy (cells/mm3)	≥500	Reference	Reference	Reference
	350–<500	0.73 (0.40–1.33)	1.29 (0.96–1.73)	1.30 (0.67–2.51)
	200–<350	0.86 (0.48–1.55)	1.50 (1.12–2.00)*	0.84 (0.43–1.63)
	<200	0.62 (0.31–1.23)	1.17 (0.84–1.64)	0.72 (0.34–1.52)
Last HIV viral load before delivery (copies/ml)	<500	Reference	Reference	Reference
	500–<1,000	1.52 (0.70–3.29)	2.02 (1.31–3.11)*	3.63 (1.33–9.94)*
	1,000–<10,000	1.22 (0.69–2.16)	4.25 (3.17–5.69)*	13.12 (6.44–26.74)*
	≥10,000	1.53 (0.79–2.99)	6.70 (4.65–9.65)*	13.87 (6.30–30.58)*
Gestational age at delivery (weeks)	<37	Reference	Reference	Reference
	37–<40	6.95 (3.35–14.44)*	2.73 (2.01–3.69)*	2.03 (1.01–4.09)*
	≥40	1.48 (0.60–3.63)	1.23 (0.81–1.88)	0.18 (0.02–1.49)

Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for the following variables, namely maternal age at delivery, timing of HIV diagnosis, initial trimester of ARV use, first CD4 cell count in pregnancy, last HIV viral load before delivery, gestational age at delivery, and HIV treatment guideline period.

The final n in the adjusted regression model was 434 HIV-infected women for 1999–2000, 1,674 for 2001–2008, and 629 for 2009–2013, which included complete cases without missing data.

This table is a subset of the 2,886 women with an available indication for cesarean delivery among the women who had a cesarean delivery in this cohort (n=3,025).

Reflects statistically significant findings with a p-value<0.05.

^**No participants in this time period received no ARV therapy. Therefore, the AOR (95% CI) was not produced for this group.

^***Few women received no ARV therapy in this time period. Because of this, the AOR (95% CI) was not stable, and thus is not shown.