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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 3.
Published in final edited form as: Am Anthropol. 2017 Aug 14;119(3):422–434. doi: 10.1111/aman.12890

TABLE 6. The Broad Spectrum Illustrating How Anthropologists Interpret the Race Construct.

The Constructors The Shifters The Reconcilers
Race is a social construct and a historical artifact, which when conceptualized, is not a scientifically reliable measure of human genetic variation. Race is a social construct and a historical artifact, which when conceptualized, is not a scientifically reliable measure of human genetic variation. Race is a social construct and a historical artifact, when conceptualized, is not a scientifically reliable measure of human genetic variation.
Race is also a political tool, a lived social reality, a self-ascribed identity marker, and a dynamic ideology that has an impact as institutional, structural, and cultural racism. Race is also a political tool, a lived social reality, a self-ascribed identity marker, and a dynamic ideology that has an impact as institutional, structural and cultural racism.
Conceptions of race are informed by and inform biology, such as the deployment by society of phenotypic markers to differentiate and classify socially defined races or the embodied existence of health disparities among socially defined races.