Figure 4.

Representative percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy surgery by TESSYS on a 41-year-old female patient presented with 10 months of numbness and pain in the left buttock and lower limbs. Diagnosed with disc herniation at L3/L4, L4/L5, and L5/S1 (A–J), the patient was treated by TESSYS. Preoperative CT (A–F) and magnetic resonance imaging scanning (G–J) results are shown. Panels K and L show the position of puncturing needles. Postoperative CT images are shown in M–P. CT = computed tomography, TESSYS = transforaminal endoscopic surgical system.