Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study subjects
| n (males/females) | 183 (126/57) |
| Age (years) | 64.7 ± 12.6 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 9 (3–21) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 4.7 |
| WC (cm) | 93.8 ± 12.9 |
| Males | 93.1 ± 13.0 |
| Females | 95.2 ± 12.8 |
| eVFA (cm2) | 137.7 ± 57.8 |
| Males | 145.2 ± 60.0 |
| Females | 121.0 ± 49.2 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 23.5 ± 9.5 |
| Males | 27.5 ± 8.1 |
| Females | 14.8 ± 6.1 |
| Skeletal mass index (kg/m2) | 7.1 ± 1.2 |
| Males | 7.5 ± 1.0 |
| Females | 6.1 ± 1.1 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 131.7 ± 19.3 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76.4 ± 12.0 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.5 ± 2.1 |
| Serum C-peptide (ng/ml) | 1.8 ± 1.3 |
| ALT (U/l) | 31.2 ± 31.1 |
| UA (mg/dl) | 5.3 ± 1.6 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 67.3 ± 28.3 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 46.1 ± 16.8 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 148 (105–217) |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 106.5 ± 36.8 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dl) | 0.12 (0.06–0.35) |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 7.3 (4.6–11.3) |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 15.7 (7.7–35.3) |
| CCA max IMT (mm) | 0.9 ± 0.5 |
| PWV (m/s) | 1810 ± 379 |
| MCV (m/s) | 49.5 ± 4.4 |
| Hypertension | 68% |
| Hyperuricemia | 26% |
| Dyslipidemia | 86% |
| Fatty liver | 58% (105/180) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 34% |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range), or frequency % (number of subjects)
BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, eVFA estimated visceral fat area, BP blood pressure, ALT alanine transaminase, UA uric acid, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C HDL cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL-C LDL cholesterol, hs-CRP high sensitive C-reactive protein, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, CCA common carotid artery, IMT intima-media thickness, PWV pulse wave velocity, MCV motor nerve conduction velocity