Table 2 .
Selected clinical trial for advanced HCC in the second line
| Trial | Phase | Mechanism of action | Primary endpoint | OS (months) | PFS (months) | ORR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regorafenib vs placebo (RESORCE) |
III | Multi-targeted TKI | OS | 10.6 vs 7.8 months (p < 0.0001) | 3.1 vs 1.5 months (p < 0.0001) |
11 vs 4 (p = 0.0047) |
| Cabozantinib vs placebo (CELESTIAL) |
III | Multi-targeted TKI | OS | 10.2 vs 8.0 months (p = 0.0049) |
5.2 vs 1.9 months (p < 0.001) |
4 vs 0.4 (p = 0.0086) |
| Nivolumab | I/II | PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor | ORR | 15 months | – | 20 (95% CI = 15–26) |
| Pembrolizumab | II | PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor | ORR | – | 4.8 months | 16.3 |
| Ramucirumab vs placebo | III | Anti-VEGF | OS | 9.2 vs 7.6 months (p = 0.14) |
2.8 vs 2.1 months (p < 0.0001) |
7 vs < 1 (p < 0.0001) |
| Axitinib + BSC vs placebo + BSC | II | Anti-VEGF | Tumor control | 12. 7 vs 9.7 months (p = 0.287) |
3.6 vs 1.9 months (p = 0.004) |
9.7 vs 2.9 (p = 0.091) |
| Brivanib vs placebo | III | FGFR inhibitor | OS | 9.4 vs 8.2 months (p = 0.3307) | 4.2 vs 2.7 months (p < 0.001) |
10 vs 2 |
| Everolimus vs placebo | III | mTOR inhibitor | OS | 7.6 vs 7.3 months (p = 0.68) |
3 vs 2.6 months | 8 vs 3 |
TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PD-1 programmed cell death protein-1, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, FGFR fibroblast growth factor receptor, mTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin, OS overall survival, ORR objective response rate, PFS progression free survival