Table 7.
Included studies with multiple non-communicable disease outcomes, by region
| Study | Country | Design | n | Quality | Sample | Exposure | Outcome | Highest risk group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Africa Region | ||||||||
| Rossier et al (2014) [85] |
Burkina Faso |
Cross-sectional |
409 |
Medium |
Adults (≥35 y) living in formal and informal neighbourhoods of Burkina Faso who died between 2009 and 2011. There were 409 deaths among 20 836 study participants |
Education |
Mortality From NCDs (CVD, Neoplasms, Other NCDs, Asthma, Diabetes, Liver Disease) |
Lower education* (A) (in both formal and informal neighbourhood’s) |
| Standard of living |
Lower standard of living* (A) (in both formal and informal neighbourhoods) |
|||||||
|
European Region | ||||||||
| Jerliu et al (2013) [12] |
Kosovo |
Cross-sectional |
1890 |
Medium |
A representative sample of 1890 individuals aged ≥65 y (949 men, mean age 73 ± six years; 941 women, mean age 74 ± 7 y |
Education |
Presence of self-reported chronic diseases (CVD, diabetes, stomach and liver, lung, neurologic disorders, cancer and other conditions) |
No education (A) |
| Self-perceived poverty |
Poor† (A) |
|||||||
| Education |
Multi-morbidity (2 or more chronic conditions) |
No education (A) |
||||||
| Self-perceived poverty |
Poor* (A) |
|||||||
|
South East Asia | ||||||||
| Binnendijk et al (2012) [83] |
India |
Cross-sectional |
38 205 |
Medium |
Rural populations from two states in India |
Income |
Self-reported NCDs (The three most prevalent were musculoskeletal, digestive and cardiovascular problems) |
Lower income* (Region of Odisha) |
| Lower income (Region of Bihar) |
||||||||
|
Western Pacific | ||||||||
| Van Minh et al (2008) [84] |
Vietnam |
Cross-sectional |
2484 |
Medium |
2484 adults aged 25-74 selected using stratified random sampling for personal household interview |
Education (Males) |
Self-reported chronic diseases (including chronic joint problems, heart and circulatory conditions, cancer, diabetes, chronic pulmonary diseases and psychological illness) |
Lower education |
| SES (Males) |
Middle SES |
|||||||
| Education (Females) |
Lower education* |
|||||||
| SES (Females) | Lower SES* | |||||||
NCD – noncommunicable disease, CVD – cardiovascular disease, SES – socio-economic status, A – adjusted
*<0.05.
†<0.01.