Table 1.
Characteristics of included CHARLS participants by sex and categories of education and annual household living expenditure (n = 10 100)*
| Characteristics | Education |
Annual household living expenditure |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Illiterate |
Literate |
Elementary school |
Middle school |
≥High schoole |
P-value |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
P-value |
|
|
Men (n = 4791) |
658 (13.7) |
926 (19.3) |
1291 (26.9) |
1243 (25.9) |
673 (14.0) |
1179 (24.6) |
1201 (25.1) |
1204 (25.1) |
1207 (25.2) |
||
|
Age (years) |
67 (59-74) |
61 (56-69) |
61 (55-67) |
55 (49-61) |
54 (49-61) |
62 (56-70) |
60 (54-67) |
59 (53-65) |
56 (49-63) |
||
|
Residence: |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
|||||||||
| Rural |
532 (80.9) |
657 (71.0) |
902 (69.9) |
749 (60.3) |
294 (43.7) |
880 (74.6) |
840 (69.9) |
762 (63.3) |
652 (54.0) |
||
| Migrants |
98 (14.9) |
200 (21.6) |
252 (19.5) |
251 (20.2) |
99 (14.7) |
177 (15.0) |
208 (17.3) |
237 (19.7) |
278 (23.0) |
||
| Urban |
28 (4.3) |
69 (7.5) |
137 (10.6) |
243 (19.5) |
280 (41.6) |
122 (10.3) |
153 (12.7) |
205 (17.0) |
277 (22.9) |
||
|
Geographical area: |
<0.0001 |
0.31 |
|||||||||
| West |
257 (39.1) |
355 (38.3) |
463 (35.9) |
413 (33.2) |
191 (28.4) |
400 (33.9) |
417 (34.7) |
438 (36.4) |
424 (35.1) |
||
| Central and northeast |
246 (37.4) |
300 (32.4) |
443 (34.3) |
480 (38.6) |
280 (41.6) |
415 (35.2) |
462 (38.5) |
437 (36.3) |
435 (36.0) |
||
| East |
155 (23.6) |
271 (29.3) |
385 (29.8) |
350 (28.2) |
202 (30.0) |
364 (30.9) |
322 (26.8) |
329 (27.3) |
348 (28.8) |
||
|
Women (n = 5309) |
2256 (42.5) |
942 (17.7) |
932 (17.6) |
791 (14.9) |
388 (7.3) |
1300 (24.5) |
1352 (25.5) |
1324 (24.9) |
1333 (25.1) |
||
|
Age (years) |
61 (56-70) |
58 (53-63) |
57 (49-64) |
51 (48-58) |
51 (48-56) |
62 (55-70) |
58 (52-65) |
57 (50-63) |
55 (48-61) |
||
|
Residence: |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
|||||||||
| Rural |
1717 (76.1) |
632 (67.1) |
567 (60.8) |
371 (46.9) |
92 (23.7) |
936 (72.0) |
904 (66.9) |
827 (62.5) |
712 (53.4) |
||
| Migrants |
427 (18.9) |
227 (24.1) |
218 (23.4) |
177 (22.4) |
59 (15.2) |
233 (17.9) |
260 (19.2) |
295 (22.3) |
320 (24.0) |
||
| Urban |
112 (5.0) |
83 (8.8) |
147 (15.8) |
243 (30.7) |
237 (61.1) |
131 (10.1) |
188 (13.9) |
202 (15.3) |
301 (22.6) |
||
|
Geographical area: |
<0.0001 |
0.27 |
|||||||||
| West |
806 (35.7) |
295 (31.3) |
326 (35.0) |
230 (29.1) |
117 (30.2) |
414 (31.8) |
445 (32.9) |
464 (35.0) |
451 (33.8) |
||
| Central and northeast |
775 (34.4) |
373 (39.6) |
375 (40.2) |
331 (41.8) |
163 (42.0) |
483 (37.2) |
536 (39.6) |
499 (37.7) |
499 (37.4) |
||
| East | 675 (29.9) | 274 (29.1) | 231 (24.8) | 230 (29.1) | 108 (27.8) | 403 (31.0) | 371 (27.4) | 361 (27.3) | 383 (28.7) | ||
Q – quarter
*Values are N (%): % are row% for sex and column% for other variables; age is shown as median with interquartile range.